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Explore the impact of capitalism, innovations like the telegraph, John Deere's steel plow, and Cyrus McCormick's reaper. Delve into the concept of Manifest Destiny driving westward expansion, Mormons' journey for religious freedom, and the profound changes in economic and social landscapes during the 19th century.
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The Market Revolution/ Manifest Destiny • Capitalism • Market Revolution • Telegraph • John Deere • Cyrus McCormick • Manifest Destiny • Mormons • Joseph Smith • Brigham Young
Market Revolution • 1830s • People bought and sold goods rather than making their own • Many Americans switched from being self-sufficient to specializing in one or two cash crops
Capitalism • Private businesses and individual control the means of production and use them to make a profit
Innovations • Telegraph – Samuel Morse • Enabled people to better communicate over long distances • Steam engine • Powered riverboats that could go both up and down rivers • Emergence of the railroad
Progress • South was still agricultural • Some chose to stay that way • Others had all of their money trapped in their crops and slaves • People moving to mid-west began to discover fertile soil for growing crops • Needed new supplies
John Deere • Created first steel plow 1837 • Allowed farmers to plow with horses instead of oxen
Cyrus McCormick • Created the mechanical reaper • Allowed crops to be harvested faster
Manifest Destiny • 1845 • United States Magazine and Democratic Review • Encouraged people to go West and populate the entire continent • Believed that populating the continent was “allotted by Providence” • Justified war and threats of war to take territory
M.D. cont. • Americans believed that they should spread freedom and democracy • Came by wagon train • Santa Fe • Oregon
M.D. cont. • Moved West because of: • Economic problems • Abundance of land • New markets to sell to • Expanded trade to China and Japan
Mormons • Led by Joseph Smith • Established LDS in NY in 1830 • Moved to Illinois in 1839 • Grew to about 20,000 people • People in IL printed protests about polygamy in papers • Smith broke the printing press • Murdered by anti-Mormon group
Mormons cont. • Smith was succeeded by Brigham Young • Moved Mormons to edge of the Great Salt Lake in Utah • 1847 • Awarded land for families • Shared timberland and water • Created a large community • Salt Lake City