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Light: Geometric Optics

Explore the fascinating world of light through the Ray Model, Optical Instruments, and Reflection phenomena. Learn about lenses, mirrors, image formation, and important equations in optics. Discover the principles of light reflection and different types of mirrors.

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Light: Geometric Optics

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  1. Light: Geometric Optics www.assignmentpoint.com

  2. The Ray Model of Light • Light travels in straight lines under a wide variety of circumstances • Light travels in straight line paths called RAYS www.assignmentpoint.com

  3. Optical Instruments: Refractive www.assignmentpoint.com

  4. CONVERGING LENS • Causes parallel rays to converge • Produces real and virtual images. • Focal Length is positive. www.assignmentpoint.com

  5. Ray Tracing for Converging Lens Ray 1: Parallel emerge through F Ray 2: Through F emerge Parallel Ray 3: Straight through center www.assignmentpoint.com

  6. The Lens Equation • 1/do + 1/di = 1/f • m = hi/ho = - di/do • m is magnification • ho/hi = do/di www.assignmentpoint.com

  7. DIVERGING LENS • Causes parallel rays to diverge • Produces only small-virtual images. • Focal Length is negative. www.assignmentpoint.com

  8. Ray Tracing for Diverging Lens • Focal length is negative for any diverging instrument. • Image distance is negative for virtual images. • Virtual image produced will be smaller than object. www.assignmentpoint.com

  9. Angular Magnification www.assignmentpoint.com

  10. Who invented the telescope? www.assignmentpoint.com

  11. Refracting Telescope www.assignmentpoint.com

  12. Compound Microscope The eyepiece is placed such that the image formed by the objective falls at first focal point of the eyepiece. The light thus emerges as parallel rays. www.assignmentpoint.com

  13. Can you explain this? www.assignmentpoint.com

  14. Total Internal Reflection • Red light is incident on the glass-air boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle. • although red, when compared to blue and yellow, has the lower index of refraction. www.assignmentpoint.com

  15. Can you explain this? • The pattern formed is from a converging lens. www.assignmentpoint.com

  16. Spherical Aberation www.assignmentpoint.com

  17. Chromatic Aberration • Each color has a different focal point. • The refractive index is different for each wavelength. www.assignmentpoint.com

  18. Reflection • Law of Reflection • The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection • The incident and reflected rays lie in the same plane with the normal to the surface www.assignmentpoint.com

  19. Diffuse vs Specular Reflection • Diffuse Reflection • Light incident upon a rough surface • Law of reflection still holds; Normals not ll. • Specular Reflection • Mirror like reflection • All Normals are parallel www.assignmentpoint.com

  20. Image formation by a Plane Mirror • Image distance equals the object distance. • Image size equals the object size. • Virtual image formed. www.assignmentpoint.com

  21. Optical Instruments: Reflective www.assignmentpoint.com

  22. CONVEX MIRROR • Produces only small-virtual images. • Focal Length and Radius are negative. • Anti-Theft, Rear-View, Safety www.assignmentpoint.com

  23. CONCAVE MIRROR Real image formed by Converging Rays Virtual image formed by Diverging Rays • Produces both Real and Virtual Images • Real images can be magnified or reduced • Virtual images are always magnified. www.assignmentpoint.com

  24. CONCAVE MIRROR • Real Virtual • Real images can be magnified or reduced • Virtual images are always magnified. www.assignmentpoint.com

  25. f = r/2 f is focal length r is radius ho/hi = do/di h is height d is distance o is object i is image 1/do + 1/di = 1/f m = hi/ho = - di/do m is magnification Equations to Apply www.assignmentpoint.com

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