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Vikings: Early Sea Exploration and Discoveries

Explore the Viking voyages, their sailing skills, and historic discoveries in this informative lesson on early sea exploration.

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Vikings: Early Sea Exploration and Discoveries

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  1. Unit 7 Lesson 1 Warm-up + Reading

  2. Objectives In today’s class, we are going to get to know the new words in the context. obtain specific information about early sea exploration. talk about the Viking voyages.

  3. Vocabulary set sail 起航： 被迫做某事： 犯谋杀罪 陷入麻烦： 劝服某人： 到达： 寻找： 吹离海岸： 跟随某人的方向： be forced to do sth commit a murder get into trouble persuade sb to do sth make it to In search of blow off course follow sb’s direction

  4. The Spirit of Explorers Pre-reading names nationality When? famous sea explorers … experiences

  5. What do you know about these people? Albel Tasman James Cook Zheng He Christopher Columbus

  6. Pre-reading • Discover the eastern coast of Africa in the year between 1405 and 1433 • The first European to explore the America in 1492. • Map the coasts of New Zealand and Australia • Italian-born explorer • English explorer and navigator • Dutch navigator • Discover New Zealand

  7. Pre-reading Scandinavia Greenland Norway Iceland 北美洲 欧洲 Newfoundland 亚洲 非洲 Learn the names for places

  8. while-reading 1. Which of the following people do you think arrived in America first? a. Christopher Columbus b. Ancient Romans c. Chinese d. Vikings D Title + time

  9. Read the first 2 paragraphs! Who were the Vikings? The Vikings were a group of people who came form Scandinavia. They controlled the seas and coasts of northern Europe between the 8th and 9th centuries.

  10. While-reading A: Matching Para.1,2 Para.3 Para.4 Para.5 Para.6 About the Vikings Biarni’s journey to Greenland Leif’s trip to Newfoundland About Eric the Red Conclusion

  11. What’s the text mainly about? The earliest Europeans to reach America. The history of the Vikings The sailing skills of the Vikings Records written by the Vikings What can we conclude from the passage? Biarni was the son of Eric the Red Leif reached the coast of present-day Africa Columbus wasn’t the first European to set foot on America. Eric the Red wrote down Leif’s deeds centuries later.

  12. 1. Why did Eric the Red leave Iceland? Because he got into trouble for a murder he had committed. 2. Who was Biarni looking for when he was blown to an unknown land? He was looking for his father who was with Eric’s party. Read the text and answer the following questions. (P8 Ex.4)

  13. 3.How do we know about the Vikings? We know about them through stories which were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland.

  14. Read the passage and complete the table below about the Vikings’ three major discoveries. (P8 Ex.3) Eric the Red 

  15. not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland blown off course Biarni unknown land the year 1002 Leif and Biarni Newfound-land planned the trip

  16. Put the events in a correct order A. Eric told people about Greenland. B. Eric left Iceland and set sail west. C. 10,000 Vikings lived in Iceland. D. Leif discovered Newfoundland. E. 14 ships arrived at Greenland. F. Eric returned to Iceland. C—B—F—A—E—D

  17. In 982 AD • decide to set sail further west Eric the Red according to … was forced to…because …committed a murder…got into trouble reached Greenland return to Iceland persuade … to go back with him to Greenland

  18. Careful Reading Fill in the blanks with the detailed information. Part 1 __________ were the first Europeans to reach America . ( Para. 1) The Vikings

  19. Part 2 About the Vikings: ( Para. 2) The Vikings ancestors came from: ________________________________ Between the 8th and 10th centuries: ________________________________ By around 900 AD: ________________________________ In 982 AD: a._______________________________ b._______________________________ Scandinavia controlled the seas and coasts of Northern Europe chose many places in Northern Europe to live Eric the Red decided to set sail further west 10,000 Vikings lived in Iceland

  20. Eric the Red (950?-1003 or 1004) was a Viking explorer who was the first European in Greenland. He led a group of colonists to Greenland in 986.

  21. Part 3 The Vikings’ four voyages to America ( Paras.3-5) 1) Eric the Red’s exploration ( Para. 3) Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because__________________________ ________________________________ He returned to Iceland to____________ ________________________________ He set sail once again with___________ ________________________________ he had committed a murder for which he got into trouble. persuade some people to go with him to Greenland. 25 ships, of which only 14 made it to Greenland.

  22. Biarni’s exploration (Para.4) When and why did Biarni set sail from Iceland ? What happened to him during the voyage ? Did he finally reach Greenland? Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland, Biarni set sail in search of Eric’s party. He was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land. Yes, he did.

  23. Leif and Biarni’s exploration (Para.5) When was Leif planning the trip further west? Where did they arrive ? In the year 1002. They sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada, then sailed further south to Newfoundland.

  24. Part 4 How do we know about the stories? (Para. 6) The stories about the Vikings were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland, which are the first records of Europeans sailing to the Americas.

  25. closet The Vikings were the first Europeans____________ America. They achieved this _________ Columbus ever_________. They came from Scandinavia and ________ the sea and the coast of _________ between the 8th and 10th centuries. In 982AD, when Eric the Red decided to set sail _________, there were _________ 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland. It is said that Eric the Red was _________ leave Iceland because he ________trouble of murdering. He reached Greenland and found that people could live there. Then he returned to Iceland and________ some people to go back with him to Greenland. This time only 14 of the 25 ships________to Greenland.

  26. Part V Language Points They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail. 早在哥伦布启航前，他们就已经到达那里了。 1) long before “在……之前很久” 比较： before long = soon “不久” He will come back to see us before long. 他很快就会回来看我们。

  27. 常见句型： ☆ It +be + 时间 + before… “过了多久……才” It was a long time before I fell asleep last night. 昨晚我过了很久才睡着。 ☆ It+be+ not +long +before … “不久就……” It won’t be long before we see each other. 我们不久就会见面的。

  28. 2) set sail = start a sea journey （起航） set out = set forth = set off （起程；出发；动身） set out to do sth. 开始做某事 set about doing sth.开始做某事，着手做某事（不用于被动语态） The government must set about finding solutions to the pollution problem. 政府必须立即找出治理污染的办法。 They set out to repair the road. 他们开始维修公路了。

  29. 2. According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble. 根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因一起谋杀而惹上麻烦并被迫离开冰岛。 according to … as stated or shown by =based on 根据，依据 后面接短语，不能接句子。 The price changed according to the season. 价格根据季节变化。

  30. 2) be forced to do sth.被迫做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 The workers were forced to work at least 16 hours a day. 工人们被迫每天至少工作16个小时。 3) get into trouble to put (oneself or someone else) into a bad condition 陷入困境；陷入麻烦 Do not go to computer rooms, or you’ll get into trouble. 别进入计算机房，否则你会惹麻烦的。

  31. have trouble (in) doing something 做某事有困难 Did you have any trouble( in) finding the house? 你找到这所房子有困难吗？ Do you have trouble remembering names at parties? 在聚会上记住人的名字有困难吗?

  32. 3. He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland. 他说服一些人和他一起回到了格陵兰岛。 persuade sb. to do sth. 说服、劝服某人做某事 He persuaded me to buy the house. 他说服我买了这房子。 He advised (tried to persuade) me to buy the house, but I didn’t. 他建议我买这房子，却没有把我说服。

  33. [常用搭配] persuade sb. into doing sth. = talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of doing sth. = talk sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不要做某事 persuade sb of sth. 使某人相信某事

  34. [典例链接] He persuaded me into majoring in physics. 他说服我主修物理。 2) I persuaded her not to go hiking with him. = I persuaded her out of going hiking with him. 我说服她不要和他去跋涉旅行。 3) How can you persuade them of the advantages of solar cars? 你怎样才能使他们相信太阳能汽车的好处呢？

  35. 4. a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Eric’s party. in search of 寻找 … The boys went out in search of something to eat. 这个男孩出去找些吃的东西。 search for 到处寻找 I must search for that lost money. 我必须寻找我丢失的钱。

  36. search somebody 搜身 The police searched the prisoner to see if he had a gun. 警察搜了这个犯人的身, 看他是否带枪。 search someplace 搜某地 They searched every room in the house but found nothing. 他们搜了这所房子的每一个房间, 但什么也没找到。

  37. 5. voyage, journey, tour, travel和 trip voyage指水陆或空中长距离的航行； journey指到某一目的地的旅行，往往指距离较远，多指陆地旅行；tour指周游，往往指绕行后又重回出发点的旅行；travel泛指旅行，多用于长途旅行；trip多指短途旅行。 [即时演练] Fill in the blanks with voyage, journey, tour, travel or trip.

  38. voyage 1) The ________ from America to France used to take two months. 2) How did you enjoy your ________ in Europe? 3) I go to work by train, and the ____________ takes half an hour. 4) He made a five-month _______ of India and the Far East. 5) He took us on a _______ of his new house. travel trip/journey tour tour

  39. 6) The ________ across the sea was smooth. 7) She had been away on a long ___________. 8) I don’t believe we’ll be able to afford any _______. 9) Will you please bring back some sugar on your next ________ to the kitchen? 10) _________ were arranged for the foreign visitors to see the Great Wall. voyage trip/journey travel journey Tours

  40. Grammar Relative Clauses (II)

  41. Part VI Grammar 7. Read these sentences from the text and in pairs, work out which word introduces a relative clause and what it refers to. a. By around 900 AD, there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live. b. Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed.

  42. Relative clauses with where, when and why ●Relative adverbs where and when can be used to give information about places and time. ● After the word reason, we can use why in relative clauses.

  43. 8. Fill in the blanks with where, when and why. 1) This is the place ______ I lost my purse. 2) Marco Polo traveled in China, ______ there were inventions and developments at that time. 3) She still remembers the day _____ Bill first walked into her office. 4) Do you know the reason ______ he’s so angry with me? where where when why

  44. Relative clauses with prepositions + which/whom ● Relative pronouns can be used as the objects of prepositions. Usually we use prepositions before which and whom, that is,prepositions + which/whom For example: 1) This is the book forwhich he is looking. 2) He is the teacher with whom I discussed my project.

  45. ● We choose prepositions either according to the noun or pronoun it defines or to the related verb in the clause. For example: 1) The train on which I’m travelling is for Shanghai. 2) This is the professor from whom I’ve learned a lot. 3) She’s doing an important project about which I know little. (on the train) (learn from) (know about)

  46. ● But, in everyday English, it is more usual to put the preposition at the end of the clause and to leave out the relative pronounwhich, whom. For example: The train I’m travelling on is for Shanghai. = The train which/ that I’m travelling on is for Shanghai.

  47. 2) This is the professor I’ve learned a lot from. 3) She’s doing an important project I know little about. 4) Have you seen the telescope I studied the skies with? = This is the professor whom/that I’ve learned a lot from. = She’s doing an important project about which I know little. = Have you seen the telescope with which I studied the skies.

  48. 定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。例： The girl who is behind the treeis Kate. That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

  49. 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用： 1.引导定语从句。 2. 代替先行词。 3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。

  50. 关系副词和关系代词一样，在复合句中引导定语从句，其作用有：关系副词和关系代词一样，在复合句中引导定语从句，其作用有： 1) 在从句中代替先行词； 2) 在句中作状语； 3) 连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的 复合句。

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