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Operational Amplifiers

Operational Amplifiers. EE 174 - Lecture One Ideal Operational Amplifiers. Ideal Operational Amplifiers. Op-amp terminals Circuit ground: Common connection of V+ and V-. Operational Amplifier. Practical op-amp: Essentially, an ideal voltage amplifier

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Operational Amplifiers

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  1. Operational Amplifiers EE 174 - Lecture One Ideal Operational Amplifiers Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  2. Ideal Operational Amplifiers • Op-amp terminals • Circuit ground: Common connection of V+ and V- Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  3. Operational Amplifier • Practical op-amp: Essentially, an ideal voltage amplifier ( is ”large” and is small), which While operated in its linear region, exhibits a very large open-loop gain (A>0) over relatively “large” range of frequencies. • Ideal Op-amp: same definition with “large” changed to and “small” to “zero”. • Since Where Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  4. Fiber optic communication • Fiber optic link mainly consist of optical transmitter, channel (medium), and optical receiver. • 1- Optical transmitter is a light source (LED or LD) • 2- Medium or channel is either atmosphere or fiber medium. 2a- Atmosphere 2b- Fiber medium • 3- Optical receiver is a PIN diodes, Avalanche diode. • 4- Two port optical component such as filters, isolators, optical amplifier, • 5- Simple, accurate, and inexpensive to test, a- The power. b- Signal to noise ratio (SNR). c- Wavelength of each channel. • The data rates commercial: 10 Gb/s Research: 40 Gb/s Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  5. Analog Fiber-Optic Link • Analog fiber optic link Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  6. A digital Fiber Optic Communication link • Digital fiber optic communication Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  7. Dispersion • Fiber optic dispersion Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  8. SONET Transmission rates 1 Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  9. 1 Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  10. WDM Fiber Link • 1 Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  11. Dual nature of light • Light possesses two natures, a particle nature and a wave nature. • The particle nature of light: Like all moving particles, light too can exert pressure and cause a wheel to spin (Campton’s experiment). The smallest quality of monochromatic light, known as a photon, is described by the energy E. Where (joule-second) is Planck’s constant, and f is the frequency of light. Second energy relation lead to controversial issues Of Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  12. The wave nature of light • Light is electromagnetic radiation that is subject to: • Reflection • Refraction • Diffraction • Interference • Polarization • Fading • loss Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  13. Monochromatic wave • The light of a single frequency or single color is called monochromatic. • Light is described by the Maxwell’s plane wave equation in vacuum. • Where is the Laplacian operator, c is the speed of the wave in vacuum, E and H are the electric and magnetic field • The intermediate? Relation • Where is the dielectric permitivity, is the permeability, P is the electric polarization and M is the magnetic polarization. Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

  14. Flux, Illuminance, and Luminance • The Operational Amplifiers - EE Dept. SJSU

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