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Energy Storage Systems

Energy Storage Systems. Prof. G. Bothun Dept. of Physics University of Oregon. RENEW. Scalable Energy Storage: Evaluations of Choices. GRID CAPACITY. Power Plant. X. STORAGE. GRID RELIABILITY. Needs For Energy Storage.

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Energy Storage Systems

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  1. Energy Storage Systems Prof. G. Bothun Dept. of Physics University of Oregon

  2. RENEW Scalable Energy Storage:Evaluations of Choices GRID CAPACITY Power Plant X STORAGE GRID RELIABILITY

  3. Needs For Energy Storage • Smooth over fluctuations in regional electricity demand due to varying peak • Safety net for intermittent energy supplies such as wind, solar, seasonal variations in hydro or biomass • Means of recovering waste energy • Regulatory necessity for more reliable electricity delivery

  4. Managing Peak Load with Storage 1000 MW 80% Load for 50 Days  216000 MWH of Storage  200% Load for 9 Days

  5. But Peak Demand Relative to Average Is Increasing Significantly • For WECC region:

  6. Energy Storage facilitates PHEV/EV charging:

  7. Peak Demand Climate Driven

  8. National Context: the 10% 1 Hour Goal • Consumption is now approximately at the level of 500 GW • So we need a “battery” which is 500 GW x 10% for one hour = THE 50 GWH Battery

  9. A More Personal Scale • Individual Americans use 1.5 KWH of electricity every hour • 10% / 1 Hour objective equates to the individual requiring 150 Watt Hours of storage for one hour A 2-4 KG Battery Pack or 10 grams of gasoline! Our Consumption scale is Large

  10. Pumped Hydro Li-Ion Flywheels CAES SMES Ultracapacitors 800 $/KW 12 $/KWH 300 $/KW 200$/KWH 350 $/KW 500$/KWH 750 $/KW 12 $/KWH 650 $/KW 1500 … 300 $/KW 3600 Choices and Estimated Costs

  11. A Single 25KWH Unit

  12. Comparison

  13. The 10% / 1 HR Solution • 25 Luddington Size Pumped Hydro Facilities Grid connected! • 100 Million KG of Advanced Batteries (1 Billion KG of AA’s) • 300,000 grid connected fused silica flywheels of radius 1 meter and width 0.25 meters • 300x300x300 meter cube of compressed air (one helluva scuba tank!)

  14. Dedicated Hydrogen Production • 10% solution requires 200 million liters of hydrogen • Note that we use about 400 million gallons of gasoline a day • 10,000 1.5 MW Wind Turbines located in Western North Dakota could produce 200 million liters of hydrogen every 24 hours

  15. Overall Conclusions • Conventional Energy Storage solutions do not scale well to solve increasing gap between average and peak loads • Flow batteries or flywheel farms may be practical for some in situ industrial applications • SMES can become a utility scale application on short timescales • Electricity + Water = Hydrogen

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