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Civic Contributions: Immigrant Taxes in The DC Metropolitan Area

This study analyzes the tax contributions of immigrants in the DC Metropolitan area. Despite lower incomes, immigrants paid almost a quarter of all taxes in Montgomery and Fairfax counties. Immigrants in Northern Virginia and suburban Maryland paid 8% of all state taxes in Virginia and Maryland.

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Civic Contributions: Immigrant Taxes in The DC Metropolitan Area

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  1. Civic Contributions: • Immigrant Taxes in The DC Metropolitan Area • The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars • Thursday, November 1, 2007 • Michael Fix • Migration Policy Institute

  2. Almost Half of Cities with 1 Million or More Foreign-Born Residents Are in the US

  3. Our Tax Study of DC Area Immigrants: Main Findings • 2004: over 1 million immigrants in DC area. • 2000: they paid almost $10 billion in taxes. • Immigrants’ share of taxes (18%) was almost as high as their share of households (21%) despite lower incomes ($78,000 vs. $88,000). • Immigrants paid almost a quarter of all taxes in Montgomery and Fairfax counties. • NOVA and suburban MD immigrants paid 8% of all state taxes in VA and MD.

  4. Immigrant All % from Tax Households Households Immigrants Total, all taxes 9,771 55,174 17.7% Federal Taxes 7,030 40,183 17.5% Income Tax 3,924 24,366 16.1% 1 Social Security 2,420 12,225 19.8% 2 Medicare 686 3,592 19.1% State Tax 1,643 9,425 17.4% Income tax 1,079 6,328 17.0% 3 Sales tax 418 2,326 18.0% 4 Auto taxes and fees 120 592 20.4% 5 Tax on cigarettes and alcohol 26 179 14.7% Local Tax 1,098 5,566 19.7% 6 Real property tax 627 3,145 19.9% 7 Income tax 226 1,254 18.0% 8 Sales tax 76 400 19.0% 9 Auto taxes and fees 121 511 23.6% 10 Utility and telephone taxes 48 256 19.0% Immigrants Paid $10 Billion in Taxes

  5. 72% of Taxes Paid by ImmigrantsGo to Federal Government Federal Taxes $7 billion 72% $9.8 billion in taxes, 1999-2000

  6. Rate of Total and LEP Enrollment Growth: From 1994 to 2005 Maryland Source: National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition & Language Instruction Educational Programs (NCELA), 2006

  7. Rate of Total and LEP Enrollment Growth: From 1995 to 2005 Virginia LEP Enrollment Total Enrollment Source: National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition & Language Instruction Educational Programs (NCELA), 2006

  8. Mean Household Taxes Paid, by Nativity and Legal Status Mean Household Taxes Paid 1999-2000 (in thousands of dollars) Note: Based on adjusted Census 2000 PUMS

  9. Mean Household Taxes Paid, by Nativity and Education of Household Head Mean Household Taxes Paid 1999-2000 (in thousands of dollars) Note: Based on adjusted Census 2000 PUMS

  10. Mean Household Taxes Paid for Immigrant Households, by English Proficiency of Household Head Mean Household Taxes Paid 1999-2000 (in thousands of dollars) Natives = $31 Note: Based on adjusted Census 2000 PUMS

  11. DC ESL Need: LPRs • 10,056 LPRs need English instruction • Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level • 462 thousand hours per year ESL to bring LPRs to English proficiency • 2.8 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

  12. VA ESL Need: LPRs • 74,022 LPRs need English instruction • Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level • 3.1 million hours per year ESL to bring LPRs to English proficiency • 18.5 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

  13. MD ESL Need: LPRs • 59,905 LPRs need English instruction • Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level • 2.5 million hours per year ESL to bring LPRs to English proficiency • 15.0 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

  14. DC ESL Need: Unauthorized • 14,939unauthorized immigrants need English instruction • Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level • 690 thousand hours per yearto unauthorized to English proficiency • 4.1 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

  15. VA ESL Need: Unauthorized • 95,764unauthorized immigrants need English instruction • Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level • 4.4 million hours per yearto unauthorized to English proficiency • 26.4 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

  16. MD ESL Need: Unauthorized • 69,066unauthorized immigrants need English instruction • Assuming 110 hours to increase one ESL level • 3.1 million hours per yearto unauthorized to English proficiency • 18.5 million hours over 6 years to reach English proficiency Source: MPI tabulations of 2000 Census data and 2005 CPS, with imputations of legal status by Urban Institute

  17. Employed College-Educated Workers in Unskilled Occupations by Nativity: DC / VA / MD, 2005/2006 14% Latin America Europe* Asia Africa US born Percent of college-educated workers in unskilled occupations Source: American Community Survey, pooled 2005 and 2006 Notes: *Refers to persons from Europe, Canada, and Oceania.

  18. Find data, reports and other analysisby state and for the nation at For More Information www.migrationpolicy.org … 2006 ACS data and new databases coming online soon! www.migrationpolicy.org/DataHub

  19. For more information, contact: • Michael Fix • Vice President • Migration Policy Institute • 1400 16th Street, NW • Washington, DC 20036 (202) 266-1940 www.migrationpolicy.org

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