Begin Now!

1. Begin Now! 1. What material items do you cherish the greatest as a teenager? 2. How do you attain these items for use? 3. Could you live without these items for a long period of time (are they needs or wants)?

3. North and Central African Societies Chapter 15 Section 1 Mr. Amos

4. Influenced by Geography • Topography influences how a community is often organized in Africa; Climate and Land Forms • Some communities are bound by religion, family ties, or close family units

5. Hunters-Gatherers • Oldest form of social organization in the world • Rely on hunting and gathering practices for survival • Move from place to place in search of resources

6. Forest Dwellers • Homes are temporary • Collect few possessions • Women are gatherers (yams, roots, berries) • Men are Hunters (antelope w/ poisoned tipped arrows) • Honey- prized delicacy

7. Connect to Today • Turn to page 367 of your textbook and read the excerpt entitled Hunters-Gatherers. Answer the following questions in your notes: • What percent of the African population are hunters and gatherers today? • What has happened as a result of globalization to this lifestyle?

8. Social Structure • Respected older male serves as primary leader • He does not give orders, every family has a say in community affairs • Guidelines for share of food and resources

10. Stateless Societies • Families organized in lineages - Belief that all descendants are from a common ancestor (includes past generations and future ones) Stateless Society- cultural groups in which authority is shared by lineages of equal power instead of having a central Gov.

11. Stateless Societies • Most developed south of the Sahara • Patrilineal Society- trace ancestors though the father • Matrilineal- Children trace ancestors through mothers

12. MARCH 15th

13. Daily Life Read in your textbook concerning Daily Life on page 369 and answer the following in your notes: • How do you and your kinship negotiate family issues? • Do you think that this way of solving problems would work in your family?

14. Muslim States • After Muhammad’s death in 632 Islam spread across the NW part of Africa • Islam in the Maghrib- North Africa that is today the Mediterranean coast (Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria) • Leaders ruled by Islamic Law (Sharia)

15. Islamic Law • Following the law is a religious obligation • No separation of personal life and law; Islamic law regulates all areas of human life Because of the Sharia (the way) brought order to North Africa and formed a common identity.

16. Islamic Law • Influence - cohesion of ethnicity - politically - Socially • One group influenced by Islam were the BERBERS- Nomadic people of N. Africa

17. Almoravid • Dynasty of 11th Century • Pilgrim brought Abd Allah Ibn Yasin back to N. Africa • Conquest to spread Islam 1050’s - Overran Ghana 1076 - Parts of southern Spain (Moors)

20. Almohads • Abd al-Mumin- Leader • Ousted the Almoravid and fought to remain true to Islamic beliefs • Lasted 100 yrs but united all of the Maghrib under one rule

22. Group Work Choose a society to form your group into involving one of the three we have discussed in class and answer the following:

23. Pick a leader. • How would you gain resources to support your community? • How would you settle disputes? Create some form of law to reside over the community. • What problems might occur? How would you handle them as a group? • Where would you live? What kind of shelter might you have? • What would be some key items for your group to survive in Africa (Climate, Geography)?