Transportation Security Administration Occupational Safety and Health Program Overview

1. Transportation Security Administration Occupational Safety and Health Program Overview INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE Committee on DHS Occupational Health and Operational Medicine Infrastructure June 10, 2013

2. Creation of TSA • November 19, 2001 – Following the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States, Congressed passed the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA), which established the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). The Act transferred the responsibility for civil aviation security from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to TSA. • February 22, 2002 - FAA and TSA publish a final rule transferring the bulk of FAA’s aviation security rules to TSA.

3. ATSA • ATSA required the completion of more than 30 mandates by the end of 2002 to include: • Hiring, training, and deploying federal security officers to over 400 commercial airports from Guam to Alaska in 12 months. • Providing 100 percent screening of all checked baggage for explosives by December 31, 2002.ess

4. Injury/Illness Rate, Cause & Effects – November 2003 TSA total OWCP case rate was 23.3 per 100 workers (did not include overtime) USCG was 5.6 Customs was 10.8 INS was 12.1 CBP was 10.8 Fed-wide was 3.8 Injury Statistic Cause of Injury: 70% baggage handling, 4% equipment handling (ETD tables, privacy screens, floor mats), 4% striking/hitting/bumping into objects Nature of Injury: 79% Sprains/strains/swelling Anatomical Location: 25% Back, 10% multiple sites, 8% shoulder, 7% knee, 5% wrist

5. Why TSA Injury Rates Were High? • The enactment of ATSA led to the rapid installation of the checked baggage screening technology • Inability to address ergonomic issues prior to installation • Employees initially hired to screen carry-on items were now required to screen checked baggage • Most checked baggage screening was performed manually with standalone screening systems (required loading and unloading of baggage) in cramped lobby areas or bag rooms • No occupational safety and health program prior to 2003 • No means to report, track, trend, or investigate injuries/illnesses • No baseline hazard assessments of work locations • No OSH inspection program • No formalized means for employees to report unsafe/unhealthful working conditions • Minimal safety communication to the workforce • TSA operations performed in multi-employer worksites

6. TSA Occupational Safety & Health Program - 2003 • January 2003 – TSA Occupational Safety and Health Program staffed. • TSA screening workforce consisted of approximately 60,000 federal employees. • Primary OSH Program Goals in 2003: • Establish OSH policy and program elements IAW 29 CFR 1960, Basic Program Elements for Federal Employees • Perform preliminary hazard analysis of all worksites • Establish basic OSH training courses • Develop the TSA Safety Information System • Answer OSHA/NIOSH Complaints • Integrate OSH practices/principles into standard operating procedures • Partner with NIOSH on Health Hazard Evaluations (HHE)

7. TSA Injury Reduction Initiatives (1) Developed, implemented, and updated policy and training to foster a successful occupational safety and health (OSH) program. Accepted Federal Security Director nominations of 155 Designated Occupational Safety and Health Officials (DOSHO) at TSA airports to plan, implement, and effectively manage the TSA OSH program at the airport level. Chartered 217 Safety Action Teams at TSA airports to respond to OSH issues and concerns, and develop solutions to aid in the implementation of the TSA OSH program locally. Assigned over 300 Collateral Duty Safety Officers (CDSOs) with OSH training and experience necessary to identify safety and health hazards through informal inspections and perform incident investigations. Developed OSH inspection checklists tailored to TSA operations.

8. Participated on the Optimization, Safety, & Hazard Mitigation Integrated Product Team to facilitate and expedite programs or projects designed to improve checked baggage and checkpoint screening efficiency and reduce TSA losses associated with Transportation Security Officer (TSO) on-the-job injury claims. Collaborated with the Office of Security Capabilities to implement safer workspace configuration, redesign, and equipment purchase funded by this program; and assist with evaluation and pilot programs for equipment and systems such as bin return systems, power lift carts, and vacuum lift systems. Became a member of the Integrated Product Team (IPT) for developing the Checkpoint and Checked Baggage guidelines for installing more efficient and ergonomically correct workspaces. Provided contract technical support and reviews of ergonomic related issues. Performed a baseline hazard assessment of all TSA occupied facilities/areas. TSA Injury Reduction Initiatives (2)

9. Safety Information System

10. The OMB Safety Initiative was implemented in January 2006 in response to a November 2005 OMB pass-back memorandum in which OMB requested that TSA establish quarterly performance targets for FY 2006 and beyond, and to provide updates for meeting these goals on a quarterly basis. Each year, TSA identifies those work locations that have contributed to 80 percent of the workforce injuries and illnesses by conducting a Pareto analysis of six occupational safety and health metrics. The participating airports are provided with a stretch goal of eight percent—twice the requirement under the President's Protecting our Workers and Ensuring Reemployment (POWER) Initiative. Office of Management & Budget (OMB)Safety Initiative

11. Pareto analysis of total workers’ compensation (WC) cases—When an airport's contribution of TSA workers’ compensation cases falls within 80 percent of the TSA total. Pareto analysis of lost time WC cases—When an airport's contribution of TSA lost time WC cases falls within 80 percent of the TSA total. Percentage of total WC cases with lost time—When an airport's lost time cases, when divided by the total number of cases, is greater than the overall TSA percentage of total WC cases with lost time. Under/Over the TSA Total Case Rate (TCR) benchmark—When the airport’s TCR is greater than the TSA FY benchmark. Office of Management & Budget (OMB)Safety InitiativeSix Occupational Safety & Health Metrics

12. Pareto analysis of OSHA recordable incidents—When an airport's contribution of OSHA recordable injuries and illnesses falls within 80 percent of the TSA total. Pareto analysis of OSHA recordable incidents with lost time or restricted duty—When an airport's contribution of OSHA recordable incidents with lost time or restricted duty falls within 80 percent of the TSA total. Office of Management & Budget (OMB)Safety InitiativeSix Occupational Safety & Health Metrics

13. This approach and monitoring system has allowed TSA to experience reductions in TCR and LTCR since FY 2005 and FY 2012 by 84.2% and 83.7%, respectively.  When measured against the POWER baseline year of FY 2009, TSA has reduced the total claims filed by 25.39% and the TCR by 40.07%; and reduced the lost time claims filed by 16.5% and the LTCR by 33.15% through the end of FY 2012. Office of Management & Budget (OMB)Safety Initiative

14. OWCP & OSH Partnership • The TSA Occupational Safety and Health Branch reviews every injury and illness that is reported through the Injury Care Hotline on a daily basis to identify trends, and to provide guidance and assistance to TSA field organizations when necessary.  • TSA has also implemented policy and procedures that require TSA field organizations to begin a safety and health investigation no later than 24 hours after any injury or illness is reported.  Results of an investigation are documented on TSA Form 2401, and entered into the Safety Information System (SIS)—the TSA system of record for safety and workers’ compensation information.

15. OWCP & OSH Partnership • As part of incident investigations, TSA field organizations are required to identify causal and contributing factors, as well as recommend corrective actions to prevent future occurrence of injury.  A “check-and-balance” approach is used, whereby, every recommended corrective action is reviewed by a technically qualified occupational safety and health professional to ensure that the action will mitigate the hazard at reasonable cost.  • TSA also reports total and lost time injury and illness analysis data to OSHA through DHS in the OSHA Annual Report to Congress.

16. TSA Operational Risk Management Build a Culture of Safety Policies and procedures to align with OSHA and other consensus standards Employee communications and forums for participation in safety program Develop and deliver training to ensure employee knowledge of TSA “Culture of Safety” Identify Hazards and Analyze Risk (Proactive) Job Hazard Analysis - OSH IDIQ Contract Employee Notices of Unsafe/Unhealthful Working Conditions TSA facility self-inspections (informal) – Supervisors/SAT members/CDSOs OSH annual facility inspections (formal) – OSH Support Specialists Incident Reporting (Reactive) Incident Reporting Incident Investigation Causal and contributing factors determinations Corrective actions/abatement strategies Implement Safety Measures and Evaluate Effects Local implementation of abatement strategies based on level of risk National implementation of abatement strategies across TSA (i.e., ReMag)

17. Culture of Safety IdeaFactory Interactive Website DYK and Fact Sheets Monthly Safety Briefings TSA iShare Cover Stories Employee Communications Safety Bulletins and Alerts Management Directive/OSH Manual

18. Culture of Safety Safety Surveys CDSO/DOSHO Workshops Technical Guidance Instructor-led Safety Training National Training Plan - OLC Training and Awareness Incorporating Safety into SOPs New Hire Orientation/Training Program

19. Culture of Safety OSHA Inspections ABATEMENT PLANS DOCUMENTED IN SIS RMA Special Assessments Employee Hazard Reports Formal OSH Inspections Informal OSH Inspections Proactive OSH Initiatives Baseline Hazard Assessments Equipment and Technology Review

20. Culture of Safety Special Assessments DOCUMENTED IN SIS IAM ABATEMENT PLANS OSH Specialist Review Corrective Actions Causal/Contributing Factors Safety Investigation Reactive Support Workers’ Compensation Claim Injury Care Hotline

21. Injury/Illness Trends by Fiscal Year TSA experienced a 80.91% decreasein reported injuries between FY05 and FY12 In the same time period, TSA experienced a 79.50% decreasein LTCR.