Accessing Nature as Ecological Public Places Perspectives of Planning the Nature Environmental Facility in South Korea

1. Accessing Nature as Ecological Public Places Perspectives of Planning the Nature Environmental Facility in South Korea Sohyun Park School of Design, Arizona State University July 13-14, 2006 International Conference on Universal Design and Visitability Ohio State University, Columbus OH

2. Public Place • What is it’s definition? • Which space can be called as Public Place? • Is it about “ownership” or just “space sharing” ?

3. Source: Google Image

4. Nature as Ecological Public Place What prevents accessibility to nature?  Physical distance  Strict regulation and management  Lack of attraction  Lack of consideration on the social weak Source: Google Image

5. Planning Nature as Public Place Nature Environmental Facility • Ecological parks • Wetland centers • Nature learning centers • Self-sustaining settlement areas Purpose of NEF • Conserve biodiversity in local ecosystems • Preserve ecological and natural landscape • Provide opportunity of nature experience and exploration

6. Policy and Legislation for NEF • NATURE ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION ACT, provision of Article 38: ‘Establishment and Operation of NEF’ (revised 2004) 1) Facility to conserve nature environment and prevent any degradation 2) Facility to restore or rehabilitate damaged environment 3) Facility to use and observe nature environment 4) Facility to educate the public with nature environment 5) Other facility to preserve natural assets

7. Nature Environmental Facility in South Korea

8. Type of NEF Intensity of Conservation Objective Site Case More Conservational Type A Observation Education/Experience Type B Hands-on Experience Type C Less Conservational

9. Site Selection Preservation Observation Planning Cultivation Information PER & EIA Water Entertainment Education Convenience Design Roads Management Construction Environment Infrastructure Environment Infrastructure Operation/ Management Guidelines on NEF • Guideline by procedural stages / types / by facilities A type (for conservation) B type (between A & C) C type (for use)

10. Is the establishment of NEF through all procedures natural friendly? √ Do NEF harmonize with existing local environmental characteristics? √ Do NEF make condition of natural integrity better before previous condition? √ Are there safety measures on accidents and disasters? √ Are all facilities safely designed and constructed? √ Are there any areas which might be risk to the disable and the young? √ Fundamental Guidelines • NEF should have nature friendliness in all level of types and procedure stages. • NEF Should ensure safety for users. • NEF should be sustainable for both human and nature.

11. Site Feasibility Guidelines • The criteria and map of National Environmental Assessment should be used in land suitability. • For areas not having NEA, the Ecological Index should be used. • Land transformation ratio should be controlled by facility types. • The ratio of floor coverage should be controlled by facility types. • Review selective allowance in areas which has long been under multi-regulation. • Take the opinion from expert advisory and residents into account.

12. Planning Guidelines • Meet the purpose and carrying capacity of facilities (type, location, and size). • Secure the soundness of habitat, landscape, and bio-diversity. • Plan for Restoration on damaged areas. • Survey on local ecosystem at least for 1 year. • Involve Stakeholders in prior & post planning • Control the introduction of facility by types, if necessary • Make master plan.

13. PER and EIA Guidelines • Review whether or not it’s object of EIA. • Harmonize with ambient environment. • Collaborate with related bodies. • Make consideration on major impact on environment • Are mitigation measures reliable and implemental?

14. Design Guidelines • Use environment-friendly structure, materials and system • Take deep consideration on local habitat and wildlife. • Make it look natural and crook, if creating artificial stream. • Provide most of convenience for the social weak. • Make basic design and execution drawings. • Make restoration design.

15. Construction Guidelines • General • Preparatory work Land adjustment, drainage, transplantation, lumbering, mowing, waste treatment, surface soil protection, sowing, etc. • Material use • Labor • Channel and hide ditch • Fence • Porous space • Mass of stones • Remove fallen trees • Plantation • Small stream

16. Operation Guidelines Education and operation • Specify operational programs by various level of users. • Establish database system with management and operational data • Develop participation programs for local residents. • Make involvement of environment educators. • Secure appropriate budget for sustainable operation. Site management and Monitoring • Manage vegetation habitats by types and characteristics. • Use experts and field workers with ecological knowledge. • Perform sustainable monitoring.

17. Classification of Facility A BC A BC Observation center Perch preservation observation Artificial Nest Bird watching Eco-bridge Observatory hut Fish ladder Observatory wall Habitats Trail information cultivation Artificial biotop Visitor center Farm Interpretation board Tree nursery Sign Picnic area entertainment Artificial lake water Playground Brooklet Sports area Wetland Camping ground education Pagola Outdoor lecture Bench Learning center convenience Lodgment Walking trails roads Shop Bicycle trails Restroom Greenway Parking lot management env-infra Sewage treatment Lighting Waste treatment Guard fence Rainfall treatment Hedge

19. Potentiality of NEF • Increase accessibility to nature • Create space for people to communicate • Provide the social weak opportunity of having good environment • Make wise use of land • Restore damaged and degraded areas

20. Thank you !!!

21. Questions and Comments? SOHYUN PARK So.H.Park@asu.edu +1 480 727 6358 (office) Arizona State University College of Design PhD Program in Environmental Design and Planning P.O. Box 871905 Tempe, AZ 85287-1905, USA