The Nature of:

1. The Nature of:

2. Recognizing the Importance of Plant and Soil Science

3. Objectives • Identify the various roles of plants in everyday life; • Identify the various segments of plant and soil science; and • Identify important types of plants and their uses.

4. Roles of Plants in Everyday Life • Why do we need plants? • Food • Food Chain • Oxygen • Let’s list the most important uses of plants

5. Roles of Plants in Everyday Life • Edible Plants • Whole plants • Portions of plants • The most important – can you guess? • Grains • Wheat, rice, corn, barley • About 88% of the world’s total caloric intake comes from plant food sources • About 80% of the world’s protein intake comes from plant food sources • Some plants are used to make beverages

6. Roles of Plants in Everyday Life • Industrial Uses • Wood • What is it use for? • Fiber • What is it use for? • Chemicals • What is it use for? • Rubber • What is it use for?

7. Roles of Plants in Everyday Life • Medicinal uses • Plants have played a very important role in developing medicines • Scientists are still studying plants to understand the chemical compounds found within them • Some believe that some of our most deadly diseases will be cured by an undiscovered plant compound

8. Roles of Plants in Everyday Life • Oils • Many plants store oils as food in the seed or plant itself • Some oils are used to make or produce food for humans • Others are used in industry • What are some oil producing plants?

9. Segments of Plant and Soil Science • What makes up the top layer of the earth’s crust? • Soil • What is soil science? • Study of structure, composition, fertility, use, and protection of soil. • What is plant science? • Study of structure, functions, growth, and protection of plants • Can be divided into 3 categories

10. Segments of Plant and Soil Science • 3 categories of Plant Science • Field Crops • Forestry • Horticulture Crops

11. Segments of Plant and Soil Science • Field Crops • Plants (other than fruits and veggies) grown in large fields and are used for agricultural purposes • oil, fiber, grain, etc… • Corn and wheat are often grown for their seed but other parts of the plant can be used • Agronomyspecializes in field crops and their relations with the soil

12. Segments of Plant and Soil Science • Forestry • Science of growing trees and producing wood products • What are some wood products? • Tree Farms are cultured forests that are carefully planned

13. Segments of Plant and Soil Science • Horticulture Crops • Grown for food, comfort, and beauty • Two major areas of horticulture are • Ornamental Horticulture • Food Crop Horticulture

14. Segments of Plant and Soil Science • Ornamental Horticulture • Plants used for their beauty • Floriculture • Use of plants for the flowers and foliage • Foliage is the stems and leaves

15. Segments of Plant and Soil Science • Ornamental Horticulture • Landscape Horticulture • Growing and using plants to make outdoor environment more appealing • Shrubs, flowering plants, lawn areas

16. Segments of Plant and Soil Science • Ornamental Horticulture • Interiorscaping • Plants inside buildings to create an attractive indoor environment

17. Segments of Plant and Soil Science • Food Crop Horticulture • Growing plants for food • Includes orchards and gardens

18. Food Crop Horticulture • Food Crop Horticulture • Olericulture • Science of producing vegetable crops • Pomology • Science of producing fruit and nuts

19. Today’s Assignment(Need a separate sheet of paper) • For each area of plant science, list 5 crops that are grown. • Field crops, Floriculture, Landscape, Interiorscape, Olericulture, Pomology, Forestry. • Circle the plant in each section that you would be most interested in learning about. • Choose 2 areas of plant science that interest you and write a paragraph about each one explaining why you are interested, what kind of crops do you want to grow, etc…

20. Types of Plants and Their Uses • Very few wild plants play an important role in everyday life • Plant Domestication is removing plants from their native environment and growing them under controlled conditions

21. Types of Plants and Their Uses • Seven categories of important domesticated plants in North America • They are all field and horticulture crops

22. Types of Plants and Their Uses • Grain Crops • Plants grown for an edible seed • Does not include nuts • Cereal Grains is the seed of grass-type plants grown for food and animal feed

23. Types of Plants and Their Uses • Sugar Crops • Source of sucrose • Sucrose is a carbohydrate that provides energy • Major sugar crops • Sugar beets • Sugar cane • Can you think of other sources of sugar?

24. Types of Plants and Their Uses • Oil Crops • Grown for the vegetable oil in their seeds and fruits • Major oil crops for the U.S. are: • Soybeans • Cotton • Canola • Corn

25. Types of Plants and Their Uses • Fiber Crops • Grown for the fiber harvested from their fruit, stems, or leaves • What are fibers? • Threadlike structures used to manufacture cloth, paper, and other things • What is the major fiber crop? • Cotton • Others include flax, hemp, jute, and ramie

26. Types of Plants and Their Uses • Vegetable, Fruit, and Nut Crops • Primarily grown for food

27. Types of Plants and Their Uses • Forage Crops • Forage: leaves and stems of plants used for animal feed • Primarily grasses or legumes • Grasses are non-woody plants that have parallel veins in their leaves • Legumes are broad-leaf plants that have the potential to fix nitrogen from air in the soil • Forages can be grazed or harvested and stored for later feeding

28. Types of Plants and Their Uses • Ornamental and Turf Crops • Ornamental Crops: flowers, shrubs, vines, and other plants grown for beauty and appeal • Turf Crops: provide a pleasing look and protect the soil • Usually grasses • What are they protecting the soil from?

29. Types of Plants and Their Uses • Other crops • These just don’t fit in any other group • Beverages • Coffee, tea, use your imagination • Herbs, spices, or medicine