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Sustainable Development in the Moslem World needs Excellence in S&T: Iran a case Study

Sustainable Development in the Moslem World needs Excellence in S&T: Iran a case Study . Reza Mansouri Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran National Academy of Sciences, Washington, 13th September, 2006. Moslem World. Population: %20 GDP < that of France

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Sustainable Development in the Moslem World needs Excellence in S&T: Iran a case Study

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  1. Sustainable Development in the Moslem World needs Excellence in S&T: Iran a case Study Reza Mansouri Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran National Academy of Sciences, Washington, 13th September, 2006

  2. Moslem World • Population: %20 • GDP < that of France • Literacy < %50 • Scientific output: < %3 • Scientific output of most active Moslem countries/ USA (same population) ~ %10 Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  3. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  4. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  5. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  6. Population Pyramid 2005/1384 Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  7. Iran’s Population, 2025 پايان Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  8. Iran’s scientific contribution Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  9. Estimation of Iran’s Scientific Output up to 2010 Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  10. International publications: Egypt, Iran, Turkey(ISI, evaluated by NRISP) Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  11. Average IF of Iran’s Scientific Output Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  12. Iran’s International Scientific Collaboration 2002 Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  13. Number of countries having scientific collaboration with Iran(ISI; evaluated by NRISP) Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  14. Number of new companies in techno-parks and/or incubators Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  15. Number of Patents per 100 ISI Papers :Iran & World Average Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  16. Books (separate titles) published in Iran Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  17. Book titles published: a comparative diagram Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  18. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  19. Encyclopedia for Young People (EYP) EYP is a general work, containing articles on topics in many different fields with authoritative and precise facts and data presented in simple language accompanied by illustrations, maps, charts and tables for young people of 10 to 16 years of age. What is most important is the Iranian aspect of this monumental effort. www.cbc.ir Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  20. Vision, Iran 1404/2025 Being the first rank in economy, science, and technology in the region, keeping pacewith the increasingly progressive growth of science... Proclamation of the Vision, Iran 1404/2025 Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  21. Vision, Iran 1404/2025 Expanded collaborative relations, in all aspects, with friendly countries, the Islamic world, and countries of the region; joining international collaborations towards the world peace. Proclamation of the Vision, Iran 1404/2025 Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  22. Vision, Iran 1404/2025 Having diversified knowledge based economy, human resources, and advanced technology. Proclamation of the Vision, Iran 1404/2025 Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  23. Declaration 2001 Proclamation of Scientific Development of Islamic Republic of Iran • Humanities, social sciences, and arts play an important and undeniable role in the social, economic, cultural and political development of the country. Every effort should be made to compensate the weaknesses in these areas in our country. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  24. ِِDeclaration 2001 • Promotion of logical, scientific, and analytical thinking and dissemination of culture of dialog in the society areessential to cultural development and the realization of democracy. Thus propagation of science is considered essential for the general culture of the society and for the growth of rationality at all sociallevels. • Precise and unambiguous definitions for terms and concepts related to science and technology, their different manifestations, pertaining to new national and international situations, must be introduced to make a rational planning and its proper execution in science, research, and technology possible. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  25. Declaration 2001 • We have had a considerable quantitative growth in our higher education during the recent two decades after the Islamic revolution. We are determined to start a new period with emphasis on excellence in all the aspects of science and research. • We believe that scientific and technological development playan important role in the dissemination of peace and dialogue in the world. Hence, we presume that universities and research centers are of prime importance in bringing about international understandings. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  26. But Why • is there no university from the Moslem world within the top 500 universities of the world? • is the science production in the Moslem world, except in Iran and Turkey, almost stagnating? • none of the countries in the Moslem world, despite many attempts and legislative actions, could increase its R&D expenditures above 0.7% of its GDP? Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  27. Why • are the human development indices in the Moslem world catastrophically low? • is fundamentalism taking root in the poor as well as the rich Moslem countries? • are we facing a clash in the ME after thousands of years of coexistence? • and why does the Moslem world seem so different from the rest of the world? Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  28. Modernity and the Science concept • The concepts of S&T are social constructs on which modernity is based; • Modern rationality and the social and cultural values related to it are based heavily on the modern concept of science; • The modern concept of time, so crucial in modern life, is directly connected to the concept of dynamics in the natural sciences. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  29. Science concept in the Moslem world • science is subordinate to theology; • as a result, rationality in the Moslem world is not based on science, but on religion; • the cultural and social values of the society are almost completely determined by religion. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  30. Discontinued Tradition Pre-Islamic Era Jondishapour Medical School/4th Century Rationalism:10th-14th Islamic Era Hospital House of Translation Jaame Mosque Observatory Library Symbolism- Anti-Rationalistic trends:15th&16th Madraseh Nezamieh Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  31. Ignorance: 16th – 19th Modern Era-Qajar Dynasty 13th/19th Century Surprise: 1811- 1925 Polytechnic of Tehran School of Medicine School of Law School of Agriculture Seminary Self -realization: 1925- 1979 Modern Era-Pahlavi Islamic Revolution Era Sharif University of Technology. Shiraz Uni. Tehran Uni. Awareness: 1979- Center for graduate Studies in Basic Sciences-Zanjan TM University KNT Uni. Islamic Azad Uni. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  32. Symbolism; Anti-rationalistic trends: 15th & 16th Ghazali & Nezam-ol-molk: Philosophy reduced to ethics; Science only deemed useful as it served a rigid theology; Beginning of an era where science was reduced to theology. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  33. “..we have, therefore, proved there is no need to teach philosophy except what the “ulama” have decided to include in their sciences. Therefore, the Sheikh-ol-islam has to be careful not to allow anyone to be taught …” Solouk-ol-molouk, Fazl-ol-lah Rouzbehaan, Contemporary to Galileo Ignorance: 16th – 19th Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  34. Surprise: 1811 - 1925 …a large and right building has been constructed in Tehran’s Arg square for the education of all techniques and is named Dar-ol-fonoun and it is the intention of his imperial majesty that the children of his government learn some sciences not prevalent in our country… Vaghaye-e Ettefaaghiyeh, 1268/1852 Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  35. Self-realization: 1925 - 1979 …you are requested to study the number of teachers and the kind of facilities needed for the establishment of a Dar-ol-fonoun offering medical pedagogy and road building engineering (paved roads and railways) in Tehran and also to find out about the approximate costs... Teimour Taash, Reza Shah’s minister of court, to Issa Sadigh at Coloumbia university, 1932 Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  36. Research? During the establishment of the colleges of literature and sciences I recognized that the objective was not merely to train a number of students in a subject, but research should also be one of the aims of a university. To achieve this goal, first of all, lectures taught by professors are to be limited to their specific fields. Therefore, a professor of geography can not be assigned to instruct history… and professors should translate important resources they had used for their lectures… Isa Sadigh, Memoires, 1969 Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  37. Awareness: 1979- • Different policy papers; • Four five years economic development plans: sections for S&T; • Huge increase in almost any scientometric parameter. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  38. Concepts of Science • 1. Theology as science; • 2. Pre-Galilean natural philosophy as science; • 3. Contents of text-books as science; • 4. Modern concept of science as a process of creation of knowledge Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  39. Most prevalent concept of Science Science of religion is the basis, added to it some knowledge (not science, just data):obsolete concept of science Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  40. We are facing many challenges in the Moslem world given the different consequences of the obsolete concept of science. Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  41. Crucial Emphasis • Reform yes, but the emphasis should be on implementing modern concepts of S&T towards establishing a scientific community and a science based economy; • This can only be achieved through excellence in S&T; Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

  42. Thank You Moslem Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, September 13th, 2006

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