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TCP/IP Protocols and Internetworking

This review covers the TCP/IP protocol architecture, including the key features of a protocol, the TCP/IP protocol stack layers, TCP and UDP protocols, IP headers, operation of TCP and IP, TCP/IP data units, TCP applications, routers in internetworking, and a TCP/IP internetworking example.

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TCP/IP Protocols and Internetworking

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  1. Chapters 2 & 3 Computer Networking Review – The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture

  2. Chapter 2 Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  3. Key Features of a Protocol • Set of rules or conventions to exchange blocks of formatted data • Syntax: data format • Semantics: control information (coordination, error handling) • Timing: order, speed matching, sequencing • Actions: what happens when an event occurs Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  4. Application Transport Network Link Physical Internet Protocol Stack Layers (a.k.a. TCP/IP stack) • Physical • Network Access • Internet • Transport • Application or… Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  5. OSI – TCP/IP Protocol Stacks Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  6. TCP and UDP • TCP: • connection-oriented, handshake required • reliable packet delivery in sequence • UDP: • connectionless (datagram), no handshake • unreliable packet delivery • packets may arrive out of sequence or duplicated Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  7. TCP and UDP Headers TCP UDP Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  8. IP Headers – IPv4 IP Version 4 Header Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  9. Operation of TCP and IP • IP implemented in end systems and routers, relaying data between hosts • TCP implemented for end-to-end data transfer only in end systems*, assuring reliable delivery of blocks of data • Each host on sub-network has a unique IP address • Each process on each host has a unique TCP port number * Except when? Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  10. TCP/IP Protocol Data Units (PDUs) Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  11. TCP/IP Concepts Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  12. TCP Applications • SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol • FTP: File Transfer Protocol • telnet: remote login • HTTP: web browsing Inelastic or Elastic? Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  13. user agent user agent user agent user agent user agent user agent http request TCP control connection port 21 PC running Explorer SMTP http response SMTP TCP data connection port 20 FTP client FTP server SMTP http request Server running Apache Web Server http response mail server mail server mail server Mac running Navigator TCP Applications file transfer email Web browsing Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  14. Routers • Provide link between networks • Accommodate network differences: • Addressing schemes • Maximum packet sizes • Hardware and software interfaces • Network reliability • Congestion/Traffic Management Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  15. TCP/IP Internetworking Example Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  16. Figure 2-8 Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  17. Figure 2-9 Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

  18. Figure 2-10 Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet

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