By: Nurma Khoirun Nisa’ IX A class

1. Physics Consept By: Nurma Khoirun Nisa’ IX A class

2. 1. Quantity • International Unit System: • Quantity which are usually used in physics are divided into two: • Fundamental quantity is quantities of units of which are predetermined and they are not derived from another quantities. • Derived quantity is quantities which are derived from fundamental quantity.

3. 2. Mass • Mass: Mass is constant in everywhere. But weight is influenced by gravitational force in place.

4. 3. Density (I) Density: Density every object is different 1 g/cm3 =1000 Kg/m3 1 Kg/m3 = 0,001 g/cm3

5. 3. Density (II) • (Proportional of density an object and density of water) • (Proportional of density between some objects)

6. 4. Expansion coefficient Manner:α = length expansion coefficientℓ1 = final length (m)ℓo = initial length (m) t1 = final temperature (°C) to = initial temperature (°C) Δℓ = the change of length (m)Δt = the change of temperature (°C) A. Length expansion OR

7. 4. Expansion coefficient Manner: β = Area expansion coefficient A1= final area (m²) Ao= initial area (m²) t1 = final temperature (°C) to = initial temperature (°C) ΔA= the change of area (m²) Δt = the change of temperature (°C) B. Area expansion OR

8. 4. Expansion coefficient Manner: γ = volume expansion coefficient V1= final volume(m³) Vo= initial volume(m³) t1 = final temperature (°C) to = initial temperature (°C) ΔV= the change of volume (m³) Δt = the change of temperature (°C) C. Volume expansion OR

9. B A A=condensation point B=boiling point C=melting point D=freezing point D C 5. Heat Heat to increase Q = m.c.∆t Heat to change state of solid to liquid Q = m.L Heat to change state of solid to gas Q= m.U Black AsasQ1=Q2 m1.c1.(t1-tc) = m2.c2.(tc-t2) Manner: Q = heat (joule) m= mass (kg) c= specific heat of matter (J/Kg°C) Δt = change of temperature (°C) L= melting heat (J/kg) U = boiling heat (J/kg) tc = x temperature 100°C 0°C 1 kalori = 4,2 Joule 1 Joule = o,24 kalori

10. distance , 30 m 11 s 21 m 6 s displacement , 6. Motion • Velocity=displacement : time • Speed= total distance : total time

11. 6. Motion • Uniform Rectilinear Motion s = distance (m) v = velocity (m/s²) t = time (s) s = v.t

12. 6. Motion • Accelerated Uniform Rectilinear Motion Vt = Vo+a.t S = Vo.t+½a.t² Vo= initial velocity (m/s) Vt= final velocity (m/s) a = acceleration (m/s²) t = time (s) s = distance (m) For decelerating acceleration has negative(-) value

13. 7. Force • Force F = m.a • Power P = W.t • Work W=F.s F= force (Newton) m= mass (kg) a = acceleration (m/s²) W= Work (Joule) s= distance (m) P = power (Newton) t = time (s)

14. 8. Pressure A. Pressure of solid p = pressure (pascal /Pa) F = force (Newton) A = surface area of object (m²) 1 Pa = 1 N/m2

15. 8. Pressure • Pressure of liquid • Hydraulic system (Pascal’s Law) ρ = density of liquid (kg/m³) g = gravitational acceleration (m/s²) h = deep of liquid (m) F1 = force in roll 1 (N) F2 = force in roll 2 (N) A1 = Area in roll 1 (m²) A2 = area in roll 2 (m²) Hydraulic system is applied on car lift machine so the heavy charge can be lifted by smaller force.

16. 8. Pressure • Floating force/ force to up FA = wu – wf FA = ρ.V.g FA= force to up (N) wu= weight of object in air (N) wf= weight of object in liquid (N) V= volume of liquid that be moved (m³) ρ = density of liquid (kg/m³) g = gravitational acceleration (m/s²) ρ.V.g are weight of liquid that be moved by object when object is dipped to liquid

17. 8. Pressure Pressure of gas in closer place P1.V1 = P2.V2 P = Pressure(atm) V = gas volume(m³) Temperature of air is considered constant

18. 9. Energy • Potential energy Ep = m.g.h • Kinetic energy Ek = m.v.2 m = mass (kg) g = gravitational acceleration (m/s²) h = high (m) v = velocity (m/s)

19. 10. Simple Plane • Lever warm. w = F arm. F • Mechanic beneficial Lever KM = = Pulley KM = Sloping plane KM = = w = weight F = force W=weight arm F= force arm KM = mechanic beneficial s = length of sloping plane h = high of sloping plane from surface flat

20. 11. Vibrations f = vibration frequency (Hertz) T = vibration period (s) n = total vibrations t = time (s) Vibration f = wave frequency (Hertz) T = wave period (s) n = total waves t = time (s) Wave λ= length (one) wave v= Velocity of wave Hertz = 1/sekon

21. 12. Sound Velocity of sound d = deep (m) v = the velocity of sound (m/s) t = time (s) V =Velocity of sound (m/s) ג =the distance of wave (m) f =frequency of sound T =period of sound Ultrasonic wave This formula can be used for measure the deep of water (sea) or cave.

22. 12. Sound • Resonance n= odd numbers ג = number of waves • Marsenne Law f = frequency of wave (Hertz) ℓ = length of wide (m) T = Force (N) ρ = density of wide (kg/m³) A = area of wide (m²)

23. 13. Lightformula for concave and convex mirror • Concave and convex mirror f = focus distance mirror C = centre of curvature So = distance object from the mirror Si = distance image from the mirror Hi = high of image Ho = high of object M = magnifying f, concave mirror (+) fconvex mirror (-) Si (+)=real image Si (-)=virtual image M > 1 image be bigger M = 1 image larger M < 1 image smaller

24. I IV III II C f III II I IV C f 13. LightDetermine properties image of mirror A. CONCAVE MIRROR Object room + image room = 5 Object in R I,II, and III B. CONVEX MIRROR Image that be formed by convex mirror always: virtual, straight, be smaller. Object in R IV

25. Object room Image room 2f1 f1 f2 2f2 13. LightLens (concave and convex) A. Convex lens B. Concave lens Image that be formed by concave lens always : virtual, straight, be smaller.

26. 13. Lightformula for concave and convex lens • Concave and convex lens f = focus distance mirror C = centre of curvature So = distance object from the mirror Si = distance image from the mirror Hi = high of image Ho = high of object M = magnifying f, concave mirror (+) fconvex mirror (-) Si (+)=real image Si (-)=virtual image M > 1 image be bigger M = 1 image larger M < 1 image smaller

27. 13. LightOPTICS A. Eye Myopia P= the power of lens (dioptri) PR = Punctum Rematum (cm) Hypermyopia P= the power of lens PR = Punctum Proximum (near point) Sn = normal read distance (25 cm)

28. 13. LightOPTIC B. Magnifying Glass a. When the eye doesn’t accommodate: b. When the eye accommodate maximum: c. When the eye accommodates at distance x, the Magnification is: Sn = near point f= focus of magnifying glass

29. 13. LightOPTIC C. Camera f= focus distance mirror C= centre of curvature So= distance object from the mirror Si = distance image from the mirror Hi= high of image Ho= high of object P = power of lens (dioptri) M = magnifying (times)

30. hiob Si ob M ob = = ho ob So ob The similarity of ocular lens : Siob S n ( ) M ok = + 1 x Eye accommodates maximum : f ok Soob S n Si ob M ok = No accommodates : x f oc Soob 13. LightOPTIC The similarity of microscope : M = Mob x Mok The similarity of objective lens : Length of tube: D= fob + foc

31. 14. Electric • Static electricity F = Coulomb force (C) k = constant of coulomb force (Nm²/c²) Q = electric charge (C) r = distance between charge (m) I = electric current (Ampere=A) t = time (s)

32. 14. Electric • Dynamic electricity V= different potential (Volt) W= energy (Joule) Q= electric charge (C) R= Resistance (Ω) ρ= Resistivity (Ωm) I = electric current (Ampere) Coulomb law V = I.R Conductor wire l = length of the wire (m) A = Area of the wire (m²)

33. FINISH