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Windows 2000 Basics

Windows 2000 Basics Larry Passo MCSE+I, MCT, CCNA, CCDA Kevin Orbaker MCSE, MCT Windows 2000 Versions Windows 2000 Professional Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Windows 2000 Professional Up to 2 processors Up to 4GB RAM

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Windows 2000 Basics

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  1. Windows 2000 Basics Larry Passo MCSE+I, MCT, CCNA, CCDA Kevin Orbaker MCSE, MCT

  2. Windows 2000 Versions • Windows 2000 Professional • Windows 2000 Server • Windows 2000 Advanced Server • Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

  3. Windows 2000 Professional • Up to 2 processors • Up to 4GB RAM • Upgrade from 9x or NT 3.51/4.0 Workstation • Desktop performance

  4. Windows 2000 Server • Up to 4 processors • Up to 4GB RAM • Active Directory • Terminal Services

  5. Windows 2000 Advanced Server • Up to 8 processors • Up to 8GB RAM • Network Balancing • Load Balancing • Clustering

  6. Windows 2000 Datacenter Server • Up to 32 processors • Up to 64GB RAM • OLTP (OnLine Transaction Processing) • OEM Versions Only

  7. New Features • Plug and Play • Increased hardware support • Offline folders • Synchronization manager • IE 5.0

  8. New Features • ACPI power management • FAT32 support • Hard Disk Defrag Utility

  9. Security Features • Kerberos v5 • Encrypting File System (EFS) • IPSec • Smart Card support • Secondary logon service (Run As) • RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)

  10. Radius Terminology • Dialup clients • Radius clients • RAS • NAS • Radius servers

  11. Management Features • Nested Like Groups (Native Mode Only) • MMC • Group Policies • Windows Scripting Host (WSH)

  12. Management Features • Remote Installation Services • Remote Storage (automatic archiving) • Terminal Server • administrative installation • application installation

  13. File Features • Distributed File System (Dfs) • Disk Quotas • Volume mount points • NTFS v5 • Inheritable permissions

  14. Terms and Definitions

  15. Active Directory (AD) • Directory • Directory Service

  16. Namespace • A group of names that are defined according to a defined naming method • NetBIOS • 15 Characters • Letters/Numbers/Special

  17. Hierarchical Namespace • A multi-level namespace with rules that allow the namespace to be partitioned. • DNS • www.mycompany.com

  18. Domain • A security boundary • A replication boundary • A logical concept

  19. Tree • One or more domains • Contiguous hierarchical namespace

  20. Forest • One or more trees • Non-contiguous namespace

  21. Organizational Unit (OU) • An collection of objects in a domain that share common administration • Different OUs in the same domain may have different administrators • Have hierarchical structure

  22. Site • One or more, well connected, IP subnets • Relates physical WAN infrastructure to logical domain structure • Fast and reliable

  23. Object Distinct named set of attributes • User • Printer • File

  24. Schema • Defines the structure of Active Directory • Object class • Attributes • Can be extended

  25. Distinguished Name • The absolute address of an object • CN=JamesSmith,CN=Users,DC=Microsoft,DC=com • The JamesSmith user account in the microsoft.com domain

  26. Relative Distinguished Name • The address of an object relative to any specific place in a forest • CN=JamesSmith,CN=Users • A user account that is located in the current domain

  27. Domain Controller (DC) • Windows 2000 Server with AD • Contains information about all the objects in a domain • No more PDCs or BDCs

  28. Global Catalog • A partial replica of every domain in AD (entire forest) • Knowledge of the existence of all objects but not all of the attributes of those objects • Global Catalog servers are also DCs

  29. Group Types • Security Groups • Distribution Groups

  30. Security Groups • Domain Local Group • Domain Global Group • Universal Group (native mode only) • Like groups may be nested in native mode

  31. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) • A protocol used to access AD • The preferred access protocol • A simplified version of DAP from X.500

  32. Active Directory Design

  33. Changes to domain model • DNS and TCP/IP are now mandatory • Automatic, two-way, transitive trusts • Hierarchical

  34. Delegate Management • Use OUs within a domain to delegate administrative control over objects • Users • Printers • Computers • OUs can take the place of multiple domains

  35. Delegate management Accounting OU contains Printers located in accounting. Accountant Joe delegated printer management. CORP OPS MFG ACCT HR

  36. Extending Schema • New types of objects and/or attributes can be created • Existing objects can be extended to include new attributes • Exchange 2000 extends AD • Forestprep • Setup

  37. Before You Get Started – What You Need

  38. Testing Environment • Build it to your needs • Domain Model • Simulate site speeds • Global Catalog Servers • Replication traffic vs. Authentication traffic

  39. Implementation and Migration Planning • Determine your migration path • In place upgrade vs. Parallel migration • Software validation • DNS naming definitions

  40. Justification to Management • Why should you implement today? • Decrease TCO • Eliminate most reboots • Increased uptime • Shrinking Support for NT 4.0

  41. Mixed Mode • Default configuration • Supports NT BDCs • All DC’s support Win9x/NT authentication • More Overhead

  42. Native Mode • No support for NT 4.0 BDCs • Allows for legacy member servers and desktops • Increases functionality • Speed, Universal Groups, nesting of like groups • Conversion to native is one way

  43. OU Design • OUs are defined within domains • Reflects organizational divisions • Designed to make logical organizations of the business model • Consider the implications of: • Inheritance of Group Policy • Inheritance of Security • OUs typically change from domain to domain

  44. executive admin resources resources users users corporate computers temporary corporate computers temporary printers printers Example OU Design company.org

  45. Domain Design • Single domain • Tree • Forest

  46. Single Domain

  47. Single Domain Advantages • Simple to implement • Effective for large and small organizations • Delegate administration with OUs • No trusts required • Can move objects between OUs

  48. Single Domain Disadvantages • Can’t limit replication traffic • Single security policy

  49. Multiple Domain company.org na.company.org euro.company.org asia.company.org

  50. Multiple Domain Advantage • Unlimited scalability • Two-way transitive trusts • Can break up administrative through domains and OUs • Multiple security policies

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