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Gender Differences in Drug Abuse. . The Numbers Animal Models Menstrual Cycle Predictors Prevention Brain Imaging Prenatal Drug Exposure Treatment. . . Gender Differences in Drug Abuse. . The Numbers Animal Models Menstrual Cycle Predictors Prevention Brain Imaging Prenatal Drug Exposure Treatment.
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2. Gender Differences in Drug Abuse
3. Gender Differences in Drug Abuse
4. Gender Differences: The Numbers Prevalence Data
Drug Use
Drug Dependence
6. Gender Differences: The Numbers
Prevalence of Drug Dependence: greater for males than females
9.2% Males
5.6% Females (1994 Nat’l Comorbidity Survey)
7. Gender Differences: The Numbers
Prevalence of Drug Dependence: greater for males than females
9.2% Males
5.6% Females (1994 Nat’l Comorbidity Survey)
8. Gender Differences: The Numbers
9. Opportunity to Use Drugs
10. Percent Use Given an Opportunity
11.
Calculate Dependence Only among Users:
Gender Differences: The Numbers
12. Gender Differences: The Numbers
Calculate Dependence Only among Users:
13. Gender Differences: The Numbers
Calculate Dependence Only among Users:
14. All Age Groups
vs.
Adolescents Gender Differences: The Numbers
15.
Monitoring the Future Survey
1975 - Present Gender Differences: The Numbers
19. Gender Differences: The Numbers Dependence Among Adolescents Users
Aged 12-17
Alcohol: boys = girls
Marijuana: boys = girls
Nicotine: boys = girls
Cocaine : girls > boys
17.4% vs. 4.7%
Kandel et al. (1997 )
Data Source: 1991, 1992, 1993 NHSDA
20. Why do adolescent girls have higher
rates of cocaine dependence than boys? Gender Differences: The Numbers
21. Risk of Becoming Cocaine-Dependent
within 24 Months of First Use
Gender Differences: The Numbers
22. Girls Develop Tobacco Dependence
Symptoms Faster than Boys Gender Differences: The Numbers
23. Gender Differences: The Numbers
24. Gender Differences in Drug Abuse
25. Gender Differences: Animal Models
26. Gender Differences: Animal Models
27. Gender Differences: Animal Models
28. Gender Differences: Animal Models
29. Gender Differences: Animal Models
30. Gender Differences: Animal Models
31. Gender Differences: Animal Models
32. Gender Differences: Animal Models
33. Gender Differences: Animal Models
34. Gender Differences: Animal Models
35. Gender Differences: Animal Models
36. Gender Differences: Animal Models
37. Gender Differences: Animal Models
38. Gender Differences in Drug Abuse
40. Gender Differences: Menstrual Cycle
41. Gender Differences: Menstrual Cycle
42. Gender Differences: Menstrual Cycle
43. Gender Differences: Menstrual Cycle
45. Gender Differences: Menstrual Cycle
46. Gender Differences in Drug Abuse
47. Gender Differences: Predictors
48. Gender Differences: Predictors
49. Gender Differences: Predictors
50. Gender Differences: Predictors
51. Gender Differences: Predictors
52. Gender Differences in Drug Abuse
53. Gender Differences: Prevention
54. Gender Differences: Prevention
55. Gender Differences: Prevention
56. Gender Differences: Prevention
57. Gender Differences: Predictors
58. Gender Differences in Drug Abuse
59. Gender Differences: Brain Imaging
61. Gender Differences: Brain Imaging
62. Gender Differences: Brain Imaging
63. Gender Differences: Brain Imaging
64. Gender Differences: Brain Imaging
65. Gender Differences: Brain Imaging
66. Gender Differences: Brain Imaging
67. Gender Differences: Brain Imaging
68. Gender Differences: Brain Imaging
69. Gender Differences in Drug Abuse
70. Gender Differences in Prenatal Drug Exposure
71. Gender Differences in Prenatal Drug Exposure
72. Gender Differences in Prenatal Drug Exposure
73. Gender Differences in Prenatal Drug Exposure
74. Gender Differences in Prenatal Drug Exposure
75. Gender Differences in Prenatal Drug Exposure
76. Gender Differences in Prenatal Drug Exposure
77. Gender Differences in Prenatal Drug Exposure
78. Gender Differences in Prenatal Drug Exposure
79. Gender Differences in Prenatal Drug Exposure
80. Gender Differences in Drug Abuse
81. Gender Differences in Treatment
82. Gender Differences in Treatment
83. Gender Differences: Treatment
84. Gender Differences: Treatment
85. Gender Differences: Treatment
86. Gender Differences: Treatment
87. Gender Differences: Treatment
88. Gender Differences: Treatment
89. Gender Differences: Treatment
90. Gender Differences in Drug Abuse
91. Acknowledgment
92. Acknowledgment This presentation was made possible by researchers who conduct a sex/gender analysis of their data.
93. Acknowledgment This presentation was made possible by researchers who conduct a sex/gender analysis of their data.
Without them, this presentation could not have occurred.
94. The PromiseA sex/gender-based research approach in all areas of drug abuse research will lead to better prevention & treatment outcomes for both males and females.
95. Thank You
97. The Pervasiveness of Sex/Gender Differences in Drug Abuse Not conducting a gender analysis of data can lead to
conclusion ERRORS:
Conclude no effect: when there is one, but only for one sex
Conclude no effect: when there are two – opposite directions
Conclude an effect: but effect is absent in one sex
Gender analysis is not an end to itself, but a beginning:
What does mean?
What are the implications?
What is the mechanism?
Tool for understanding the subject matter under study
Failure to find a gender difference in an outcome does not mean that gender does not affect that outcome
98. Closing Comments Gender differences are pervasive in drug abuse.
Gender matters in drug abuse.
Conducting a sex/gender analysis of
data is a matter of doing good science.
100. Unused
101. Past Year Misuse of Prescription Drugs Ages 12 to 17: Years 2002-2004 (NSDUH)
102. Sex/Gender Differences: Animal Models
105. Gender Differences: Treatment
106. Gender Differences: Treatment
107. Gender Differences in Drug Abuse
108. Gender, Cannabis Use, Depression & Anxiety Gender Differences: Psychiatric Comorbidity in Adolescents
109. Gender Differences: Psychiatric Comorbidity in Adolescents Gender, Drugs, Sex, & Depression
(NLSAH N =13,491 Grades 7-11)
110. Gender Differences: Prevention
111. Gender Differences: Prevention
112. Gender Differences: Prevention
113. Gender Differences: Treatment
114. Gender Differences: Treatment
115. Gender Differences: Treatment
116. Gender Differences: Treatment
117. Gender Differences: Treatment