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Hardware: CPU & Storage (Chapter 4)

Hardware: CPU & Storage (Chapter 4). Thursday, April 3. Most important invention of 20 th century?. Airplane Television Atomic energy Computer Other. The 3 M’s. Microchips Miniaturization Mobility. Binary System. We are familiar with decimal (0 thru 9) Computers use binary (0 and 1)

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Hardware: CPU & Storage (Chapter 4)

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  1. Hardware: CPU & Storage (Chapter 4) Thursday, April 3

  2. Most important invention of 20th century? • Airplane • Television • Atomic energy • Computer • Other

  3. The 3 M’s • Microchips • Miniaturization • Mobility

  4. Binary System • We are familiar with decimal (0 thru 9) • Computers use binary (0 and 1) • Bit = one binary digit • Can represent 2 pieces of information (0 or 1) • 2 bits can represent 4 pieces of information (00, 01, 10, 11) • 3 bits can represent 8 pieces of information (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111) • 4 bits can represent 16 pieces of information (etc.)

  5. Why is a byte 8 bits? • 52 letters (26 letters x 2 [upper & lowercase]) • 10 numerals • 32 other printable characters (!@#, etc.) • 34 non-printable characters (space, ESC, return, tab, etc.) • 128 total characters requires 7 bits • 1 leftover bit • Expansion? • 8 is a nice number?

  6. Coding Schemes • EBCIDIC • IBM • Outdated & hardly used • ASCII • American Standard Code for Information Interchange • Very common • Unicode • International • 2+ bytes • Growing in popularity

  7. Motherboard

  8. System Clock • Computer does each operation at the same rate. • Rate controlled by internal clock • Original IBM PC clock speed = 4.77 MHz • Current state-of-the-art over 3.0 GHz

  9. Parts of CPU • Registers • Control Unit • ALU • Buses

  10. What is a cache? Faster More expensive Smaller Slower Cheaper Larger

  11. Ports • Parallel • SCSI (pronounced scuzzy) • USB (universal serial bus)

  12. Busses • ISA • Outdated (some computers don’t use it anymore) • 8 or 16 bits • PCI • 32 or 64 bits • common • AGP • Faster than PCI • Used for graphics

  13. Expansion cards • Graphics • Sound • Modem/network • PC Cards for laptops

  14. Storage • Floppy disks • Zip disks • Hard drives • CD/DVD drives • Tape drives • Flash memory cards

  15. Future of processing • Nanotechnology • Optical computing • DNA computing • Quantum computing

  16. Future of storage • More • Smaller • Faster

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