By: Julian Strickland, name, name, and name

1. Netherlands By: Julian Strickland, name, name, and name By: Julian Strickland, Lansing Loudon , Shawn

2. Dutch Imperialism: 1815-1870 Dutch Imperialism: 1815-1870 The Dutch fought two major wars in the 1820s. Java War, 1825-1830 Padri War in the 1830s. The Netherlands still did not control many areas that they wanted to control. These areas included Aceh, Bali, much of Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara.

3. Dutch Imperialism: 1870-1910 Dutch Imperialism: 1870-1910 "Netherlands Indies" were important to the Dutch economy: the profits from coffee, tobacco, oil, and other products helped finance the industrialization of the Netherlands.The Dutch tried to win complete control of all the areas they claimed. This was the era of "high imperialism”. High Imperialism was a time when Britain and France were facing competition from new colonial powers like Germany and Italy. Most unclaimed parts of Africa, Asia and the Pacific were being controlled by one power before another could get an opportunity.

4. Timeline of Netherlands Imperialism between 1700-1914 1705 VOC sends reinforcements to Semarang. 1740 VOC begins a campaign to have "superfluous Chinese" deported to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) or South Africa. Rumors spread that the Chinese, once aboard ship, will be killed at sea 1769 French expedition steals clove and nutmeg plants from Ambon, breaking the VOC monopoly. Portuguese build post at Dili, East Timor. 1780 War breaks out between the Netherlands and Britain. Extra troops are sent to Java. 1813 November Revolt in the Netherlands against Napoleon. 1824 March 17 British and Dutch sign Treaty of London and divide the Indies between themselves. 1825 July Dutch send troops to arrest Diponegoro, who declares rebellion. This was the beginning of the "Java War", which lasted until 1830. 1848 June Netherlands Indies sends a military force to Bali in response to conflicts over the enforcement of treaties with the local rajas. 1854 Netherlands government issues a constitutional reform for the Netherlands Indies ("Regeeringsreglement"). 1859 Portuguese sign accord with the Dutch: Portuguese abandon outposts and claims on Flores and Solor to the Dutch, and retain possession of Portuguese Timor. Division between West and East Timor is set. 1870 Regular steamship service to the Netherlands through the Suez canal begins. 1875 The Netherlands Indies, Australia, and Germany set a boundary between their claims on New Guinea. 1894 "Batak War" ends. Netherlands Indies organizes a state-run opium monopoly to control the opium trade

6. Facts about Sumatra and the Effects of Colonialism and Imperialism • What had begun as the spice trade under early Portuguese merchants soon became a diversified system of agriculture. • Portuguese influence on Sumatra is apparent in some of the island names. • Many new crops in demand on the world market were introduced into Indonesia. Coffee, tea, sugar, indigo and spices became major exports, but instead of being produced by individual small farmers, they were cultivated on huge estates, mainly on Java. • Changing conditions in Europe affected Indonesia's development; the destiny of the Indonesian people was in the hands of the men in the European capitals. • In periods of crisis in Europe, production in Indonesia declined sharply. When months of long sea voyages separated areas on opposite sides of the earth, Dutch and British trading vessels kept a stranglehold on Indonesian life. • In 1602 the Dutch became a major controlling power in Sumatra--and the and the surrounding islands--with the establishment of the privately held Dutch East India Company (VOC). • In 1699 the company went bankrupt, and the Dutch government took over all its holdings. • Sumatra has a long history of foreign contact. Accounts of Indonesia's first Islamic community • In 1685, the English established fortified factories on the west coast, trading in pepper and other spices, but abandoned this effort by treaty with the Dutch in 1824. • Anglo Dutch rivalry was bitter until 1824, when the British gave up their claims to Sumatra to the Netherlands in return for Malacca. • Throughout the 19th century the Dutch continued to extend their authority over local rulers; the last great struggle (1873-1903) • 1873-1908-There was a Chineese resistance against the Dutch which came to a long and bitter conflict all the way throughout World War II.

7. Facts about Sumatra and the effects of colonialism and imperialism • The principal indigenous food crops are rice, and corn. • Estate cultivation is primarily of rubber, tea, coffee, coconuts, and spices. • The indigenous Sumatrans belong, linguistically and culturally, to the Malayan peoples and are sometimes grouped as Indonesians. • Among the most important ethnic groups are the Achenese and Gayos in the north, the Bataks in the interior, the Lampongs in the south, and the Malys throughout Sumatra. • The population includes large groups of Indians, Chinese, and Arabs and some Europeans.

8. Effects of Colonialism on the Netherlands • Vast estates were established by the Dutch East India Company, later to be held under the direct control of the Dutch crown. • What had begun as the spice trade under early Portuguese merchants soon became a diversified system of agriculture. • When Britain occupied the Dutch settlements on Indonesia in 1811, and held them for five years under the governorship of Stamford Raffles, it was because Holland had moved into the French orbit during the Napoleonic Wars. • The Treaty of London, concluded between Britain and Holland in 1824, gave the former the Malayan Peninsula and assured the continuation of Dutch rule over Indonesia

9. Imperialist Nation – Netherlands Today • Population: 16,067,754 (July 2002 est.) • GDP: $413Billion (1.1% annual growth rate) • Capital City: Amsterdam; The Hague is the seat of government • Type of Government: Constitutional Monarchy • Head of State: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980) • Economic Description: • The economy is noted for stable industrial relations, moderate inflation, a sizable current account surplus, and an important role as a European transportation hub. Industrial activity is predominantly in food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery. • The Netherlands, along with 11 of its EU partners, began circulating the euro currency on 1 January 2002. • The country continues to be one of the leading European nations for attracting foreign direct investment. • Economic growth slowed considerably in 2001, as part of the global economic slowdown, but for the four years before that, annual growth averaged nearly 4%, well above the EU average

10. COUNTRYDATA Population:16,067,754 GDP: $413 billion Capital City: Amsterdam Head of state: Prime Minister Wim Kok, Vice Prime Ministers Annemarie Jorritsma and Els Borst-Eilers Government type: Constitutional Monarchy Economy: An open economy dependent on foreign trade. It is known for stable industrial relations, a sizable account surplus, and moderate inflation. Highly mechanized agricultural industry produces large surplus of food while employing only 4% of the labor force. Heineken comes from Holland Speaking of economy. . . FUN FACT!!!

11. Colony of Sumatra - Today • Population: 40M (July 2002 est.) • GDP: $Billion (% annual growth rate) • Capital City: Medan • Type of Government: • Head of State: President MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri (since 23 July 2001) and Vice President Hamzah HAZ (since 26 July 2001); • Economic Description:

12. Rolls and responsibilities • Julian Strickland – producer script writer. • Lancing Louding – group leader / director. • Shawn- technology coordinator • Name – head researcher

13. Documents and Resources • Sumatra, Palembang and West Java • Mills Web sight • Achetimes.com/history • Gimonca.com/sejarah/seharahos.html • Indonesia:second greatest crime of century:350 • Galen fry.singer.com/amsterdam_harbor.html • Cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/gos/nl.html