THE INTERNET

1. THE INTERNET • BEGAN AS GOVERNMENT CONNECTION OF UNIVERSITIES • INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP): organization connected to Internet, leases temporary connections to subscribers • NO ONE OWNS IT, NO FORMAL ORGANIZATION

2. INTERNET CAPABILITIES • E -MAIL:person -to-person messaging; document sharing • USERNET NEWSGROUPS:electronic bulletin boards for discussion groups • LISTSERVs:e-mail list servers for discussion groups • CHATTING:interactive conversations • TELNET:log on one computer, work on another • FTP:transfer files from computer to computer • GOPHERS:use menus to locate text material

3. INTERNET CAPABILITIES • ARCHIE:search database for files to download • VERONICA:speeds searching gopher sites by using keywords • WIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVICE (WAIS):locates files using key words • WORLD WIDE WEB:retrieve, format, display information (text, audio, graphics, video) using hypertext links

4. INDIVIDUAL OR ORGANIZATION NAME DOMAIN NAME INTERNET ADDRESS ggalileo@univpisa.edu.it HOST COMPUTER FUNCTION LOCATION

5. INTERNET TERMS • HOME PAGE:WWW screen display welcomes user to organization’s page • WEBMASTER:person in charge of Web site • UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL):address of specific Internet resource

6. INTERNET TERMS • HYPERTEXT TRANSPORTPROTOCOL (http):communications standard (sets of rules) used to transfer Web pages.HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. • HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML):popular programming language for creating Web sites

7. SURFING THE NET • SEARCH ENGINE:tool for locating specific sites or information on WWW • “PUSH” TECHNOLOGY:server streams Web page content to a Web browser • HYPERLINK:spot on screen, when clicked shifts to a new page or site

8. “Push” Technology • Instead of surfing the Web, users can have the information they are interested in delivered automatically to their desktops through “push’ technology. • A computer broadcasts information of interest directly to the user, rather than having the user “pull’ content from Web sites. • “Push” comes fro server push, a term used to describe the streaming of Web page contents from a Web server to a Web browser • Special client software allows the user to specify the categories of information he wants to receive and how often this information should be updated.

9. “Push” Technology • Push program will notify the user by sending e-mail, playing a sound, displaying an icon on the desktop, sending full article or Web pages, or displaying headlines on screen saver. • Examples: • Fruit of the Loom is using Pointcast push technology to alert managers to updated inventory information stored on its IBM AS/400 intranet Web server. • Lufthansa uses the BackWeb push delivery service to alert customers to fare discount.

10. INTRANET • INTERNAL NETWORK: A simple intranet can be created by linking a client computer with Web browser to a computer with Web server software via a TCP/IP network • Intranet software technology is same as that of the WWW TECHNOLOGY. • FIREWALL:Security System (consists of hardware and software placed between an organization’s internal network and an external network, including the Internet) to Prevent Invasion of Private Networks • Overcomes computer platform differences. • Often installed on existing network infrastructure.

11. EXTRANET ALLOWS Authorized USERS OUTSIDE ORGANIZATION TO USE ITS INTRANET: • CUSTOMERS • BUSINESS PARTNERS • VENDORS

12. CUSTOMER INTERNET SUPPLIER BUSINESS PARTNER EXTRANET DATABASES SERVER FIREWALL CLIENTS

13. INTERNET BENEFITS • GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY • REDUCED COMMUNICATIONS COST • LOWER TRANSACTION COSTS • REDUCED AGENCY COSTS • INTERACTIVITY, FLEXIBILITY, CUSTOMIZATION • ACCELERATED KNOWLEDGE

14. INTERNET & ELECTRONIC COMMERCE • EASY TO LINK WITH OTHER BUSINESSES, CUSTOMERS • CAN UPDATE PRODUCT INFORMATION, ORDERING, CUSTOMER SUPPORT • ON-LINE STOREFRONTS • ENHANCED BUSINESS FORMS

15. INTERNET & ELECTRONIC COMMERCE • CUSTOMER-CENTERED RETAILING • DISINTERMEDIATION: removal of intermediate layers streamlines process • REDUCED COST TO BUYER, SELLER • HIT:each request for a file recorded in log file

16. Components of an Internet server SMTP FTP DNS Client Access WAIS/ RDBFE Authorizing Tools WWW Server Back/End Database Network TCP/IP Stack Network Operating system Server Box Internet Interface Firewall/Router Internet Service Provider

17. SMTP: The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol utility translates between local and Internet mail formats, allowing clients to send/receive Internet e-mail. FTP: The File Transfer Protocol utility enables file transfers to and from the server. DNS: The Domain Name Serving Utility maps numerical Internet machine addresses (161.362.456.567) to alphabetic names (systems.compaq.com). Client Access: The Client Access software allows local clients to use the Internet (Web, FTP, etc.) over the existing network. WAIS/RDBFE: The Wide Area Information Service and Relational Database Front End Software allows Web site guests to access document database without requiring HTML encoding beforehand. WAIS is the most thorough way to locate a specific file, however, you have to know the name of the databases you want to search. WWW Server: The WWW Server Software serves Web pages to guests and helps to administrate the Web site. Authorizing Tools: Authorizing Tools create the pages that appear on the Web site. Components of an Internet server

18. Back/End Database: The Back/End Database is an Oracle, Sybase, or Back Office database that contains content served to the Web via the RDBFE and WWW Server Network TCP/IP: The TCP/IP stack allows the NOS to communicate via the Internet protocol in addition to its native protocol. Network Operating System: The Network Operating System is UNIX, Netware, or NT. Server Box: The server Box houses the CPU, disks, and Ethernet I/O hardware. Internet Interface: The Internet Interface is a WAN card that connects the server to the leased line provided by the Internet Service Provider (ISP). These cards can be Installed in a separate firewall/router box or on the server itself. Firewall/Router: The Firewall/Router sorts and filters data passing to and from the Internet. This functionality is performed by software either installed on the server itself or on a separate box. Internet Service Provider: The Internet Service Provider provides an Ip address, works through the local telephone company to arrange for a leased line, and provides installation and administration consulting services. Components of an Internet server

19. INTERNET & ELECTRONIC COMMERCE • DISINTERMEDIATION Cost/Shirt $48.50 Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer $40.34 Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer $20.45

20. BENEFITS OF INTRANETS: • CONNECTIVITY • CAN BE TIED TO LEGACY SYSTEM & TRANSACTION PROCESSING • INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS WITH TEXT, AUDIO, VIDEO • SCALABLE TO LARGER OR SMALLER SYSTEMS AS REQUIRED

21. BENEFITS OF INTRANETS: • EASY TO USE BROWSER INTERFACE • LOW START-UP COSTS • RICH, RESPONSIVE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT • REDUCED INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION COSTS

22. GROUP COLLABORATION: • TEAMWARE:intranet-based applications allow teams to share ideas, documents, brainstorming, scheduling. Similar to chat room. • INTERNAL NEWSLETTER • ABILITY TO WORK AT HOME • SHARE INTERNET DISCOVERIES WITH COLLEAGUES