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Gas Exchange. Mammals. Terms. Respiration is the release of energy from food. Gaseous exchange is the movement of gases across a membrane. Breathing is the physical movements that helps the exchange of gases to occur. . Cellular Respiration – generation of ATP.
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Gas Exchange Mammals
Terms • Respiration is the release of energy from food. • Gaseous exchange is the movement of gases across a membrane. • Breathing is the physical movements that helps the exchange of gases to occur.
Cellular Respiration – generation of ATP • It takes place in all cells. • Cellular respiration is carried out by the mitochondria. • Glucose, fats or proteins are required along with oxygen. • Carbon dioxide and water are by- products of this cellular process.
Gas Exchange (Recap Cells) • Movement of… • Type of transport? • Concentration gradient? • Speed affected by… • How are the gases transported within the body?
Requirements for gas exchange systems • Moist surface so gases can dissolve and diffuse more rapidly. • Thin layer of cells across which O2 and CO2 can diffuse. • Large surface area so sufficient diffusion can occur.
Mammalian System How do we obtain: • A moist surface area? • A thin surface area? • A large surface area?
Mammalian System • Mammals have an internal respiratory system • Mammals use lungs (an active ventilation system) • O2 enters the lungs and diffuses into the blood which then transports it around the body
Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Alveoli Diaphragm
Active Ventilation • Breathing occurs as the animal changes the pressure in the chest cavity. • This is done by contracting and expanding the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles.
Transport System • The structure of the heart. • Blue and red blood. • What is blood? • The structure of a red blood cell. • What is so dangerous about carbon monoxide (CO)?
Red Blood Cells • Biconcave disc shape • 25 trillion in 5 liters of blood • Lack nuclei and mitochondria • Filled with the pigment haemoglobin • Made in the bone marrow • The life span of a red blood cell is 3-4 month • They generate their own ATP through anaerobic respiration. Why? Biozone pp195-197