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GENETIC ENGINEERING

GENETIC ENGINEERING. SC B-4.9 Exemplify ways that introduce new genetic characteristics into an organism or a population by applying the principles of modern genetics. CN Page 104 Notebook EQ: How has technology allowed humans to genetically alter an organism?. Changing the Living World.

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GENETIC ENGINEERING

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  1. GENETIC ENGINEERING SCB-4.9 Exemplify ways that introduce new genetic characteristics into an organism or a population by applying the principles of modern genetics

  2. CN Page 104 Notebook EQ: How has technology allowed humans to genetically alter an organism?

  3. Changing the Living World Selective breeding: allowing only those individuals with desirable traits to reproduce Humans use it in animals, plants, & other organisms

  4. Hybridization A breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms • Usually are: • Hardier • More disease tolerant

  5. Inbreeding The continued breeding of individuals with similar traits Increases the incidence of recessive traits

  6. Increasing Variation Breeders can increase genetic variation in a population by inducing mutations (the ultimate source of genetic variation) • Bacteria • Small size, short life cycle makes them easy to radiate  get desirable mutation • Example: Bacteria used in oil spills digest oil • Plants • Polyploidy induced by chemicals • Bananas, Citrus Fruit

  7. Key Questions How does selective breeding work? Why would inducing mutations in an organism be a good idea?

  8. Applications of Genetic Engineering • Possible to transfer genes from one organism to another • 1st done in 1986 by Howell • Transferred gene from firefly  tobacco plant

  9. Transgenic Bacteria • Bacteria reproduce rapidly & easy to grow • use restriction enzymes to open bacterial plasmid or loop of DNA then insert gene • used to make human forms of proteins • Insulin • Growth Hormone • Clotting Factor

  10. How Restriction Enzymes Work

  11. Transgenic Animals • Mice produced with human genes that makes their immune systems act like humans • Scientist able to study effects of diseases or treatments on mice before testing on humans Some livestock now have extra copies of gene for Growth Hormone  grow faster & produce leaner meat, more milk

  12. Transgenic Animals

  13. CLONING • A clone is a member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell • Example: • Cloned colonies of bacteria (easy) • Multicellular organisms (difficult)

  14. Use of cloning in humans raises serious ethical & moral issues

  15. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using technology to make many copies of desired gene or DNA sequence

  16. DNA “Fingerprinting”using Gel-Electrophoresis

  17. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter16/animations.html#http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter16/animations.html# http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120078/micro15.swf::Polymerase Chain Reaction

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