1 / 21

Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering. “Amazing Schemes Within Your Genes”. What is genetic engineering?. Moving small pieces of DNA from one organism into another organism. What is recombinant DNA technology?. Same thing as genetic engineering

niyati
Download Presentation

Genetic Engineering

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Genetic Engineering “Amazing Schemes Within Your Genes”

  2. What is genetic engineering? Moving small pieces of DNA from one organism into another organism

  3. What is recombinant DNA technology? • Same thing as genetic engineering • Recombinant DNA – made by connecting (splicing) fragments of DNA from different sources

  4. How does recombinant DNA work? • DNA is inserted into an organism • Organism uses foreign DNA as if it were its own

  5. Transgenic organisms contain recombinant DNA (initial + “foreign”) What are these new things called?

  6. How do scientists move DNA (genes) to make transgenic organisms? • Isolate source of foreign DNA to be inserted • Join DNA with a vehicle that can transport it • Transfer DNA (from chromosomes) into new host

  7. How is DNA isolated? Restriction enzymes are used

  8. What are restriction enzymes? • Proteins that come from bacteria • They recognize, bind to and cut DNA into smaller fragments at certain points • >200 different enzymes • Examples are: EcoRI, HinD III, Bam HI, Bgl II

  9. Isolate source of DNA • Ex: EcoRI – cuts between G and A whenever it sees CTTAAG A G G T C T T A A G C T A G C T C C A G A A T T C G A T C G

  10. Isolate source of DNA • Don’t cut straight through both DNA strands • Cut is offset by a few bases • “Sticky” ends are produced C T T A A G G A A T T C C T T A A G G A A T T C

  11. Isolate source of DNA Ex: AluI – cuts between C and G whenever it sees AGCT A G C T T C G A A G C T T C G A • “Blunt” ends are produced

  12. Isolate source of DNA Sticky Ends • DNA can form circle because complementary bases OR • DNA can pair with any other DNA fragment cut by the same enzyme (same bases exposed) = Recombinant DNA

  13. REFRESHER: How do scientists move DNA (genes)? • Isolate source of DNA Answer: through Restriction Enzymes • Join DNA to a vehicle that can transport it Answer: ??? • Transfer DNA (from chromosomes) into target cell Answer: ???

  14. Join DNA to a transport vehicle Vector – means by which DNA from one organism gets to target/host cell

  15. Types of Vectors • Mechanical • Micropipette inserted into cell • Gene gun shoots tiny metal bullet coated w/ DNA • Biological • Virus • Plasmid

  16. What is a plasmid? A small ring of DNA found in bacteria, which only carries genes under extreme circumstances Both plasmid and foreign DNA are cleaved w/ same restriction enzyme They are spliced using a “glue” called a ligase (enzyme)

  17. How do we know if foreign DNA has been successfully transferred? • Host cell copies recombinant DNA and its own DNA • Clones are created as host continues to divide (all w/ desired DNA) • Foreign DNA codes for the production of a specific protein – test the cloned cells to see if they produce protein or not

  18. And the final product is… • Newly recombined DNA that undergoes mitosis, producing multiple copies of new DNA • Bacteria is considered a good host because it reproduces quickly

  19. Genetically Engineered

More Related