Advanced English

1. Advanced English Three Cups of Tea

2. Birthday: 1957 Birth place: Minnesota A mountain climber Position:the director of the institute of central Asia Pennies for Peace Three cups of Tea (2006) Stones into Schools(2009) Greg Mortenson back

3. Mortenson believes that education is the most important investment to create stability, bring socio-economic reform, decrease infant mortality, decrease population explosion and improve health, hygiene, and sanitation standards. • The star of Pakistan • Nominee for the Noble Prize for peace in 2009

4. David Oliver Relin • December 12, 1962 – November 15, 2012 • an American journalist • focused on social issues and the effects thereof on children

5. Islamic Republic of Pakistan اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان‎ • Pakistan is located in the South Asia——west to India ,east to Iran, • south to China and Afghanistan .On its south is the Indian Ocean

6. Pakistani are forbidden to eat pork. They like beef, mutton chickens and ducks. Generally they do not smoke, do not drink, do not let the female see the guests. When invited for meals, men will come without their wives. Pakistani don't like women go out to work while women are also less likely to walk in the street. Therefore, shopping is also done by men . Sometimes Pakistani is just like a world of men.

8. Urdu is the only official language of Pakistan. Although English is generally used instead of Urdu in this regard. It is a poor, heavily populated country, suffering from internal political disputes, lack of foreign investment, and a costly confrontation with neighboring India. Poverty: Many people are deprived of basic necessities of life such as clothing, shelter, food, education and medication’ Illiteracy: Pakistanis officially reported to have 50% literacy rate. Terrorism and Religious Extremism: The whole world looks at Pakistan, as a land of terrorists.

9. the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

10. The Taliban in farsi is the meaning of students, most of its members are from Islamic schools in Afghan refugee camps, it is also called Islamic students army. Its leaders is Mullah Mohammad Omar. At first, the Taliban lasted only 800 people, and many people didn't think much of it. But this army aimed to rooting out the warlords and rebuilding nation, be highly disciplined, combating bravely, putting forward against corruption and resuming commercial, so get the support of the Afghan civilians .But then it became a terrorist organization . 塔利班在波斯语中是学生的意思，它的大 部分成员是阿富汗难民营伊斯兰学校的学生，故 又称伊斯兰学生军。它的领导人是穆尔维•奥马尔。 最初，塔利班总共只有 800人，因此许多人对其 不以为然。这支派别高举铲除军阀、重建国家的 旗帜，而且纪律严明、作战勇敢，并提出反对腐 败、恢复商业的主张，因此深得阿富汗平民的支 持和拥戴。但是现在它变成了一个恐怖组织。 Flag of Taliban

11. Osama bin laden Mullah Mohammad Omar

12. The Kite Runner For you a thousand times over

13. Summary This book is about this guy named Greg Mortenson that climbs a mountain in honor of his sister. While he was there he got lost coming down from the mountains and went down the wrong path. So he ends up in this poor village in Pakistan that had no school. They offered the nice stranger three cups of tea and they also nursed him back to health. For all there kindness Greg promised to come back and build them a school.

14. Summary (continued) He went back to the U.S. and told everyone what he was doing. This really nice man gave him money so he keep his promise and build the school. He went back to the village but before Greg could build a school he had to build a bridge. He built the bridge and then built the village a school despite the death threats and even a kidnapping. Now Greg has built over 60 schools for girls and boys in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

15. Characters • Greg Mortenson- trustworthy that he will build a school and caring for all the poor people in Pakistan • Haji Ali- kind for having tea with Greg and patient about the school • Jean Hoerni- caring for giving Greg money and impatient for the picture of the school • Tara Bishop- cared so much about Greg and was a nice wife to Greg

16. New Words and Phrases • Dishearten: take away the enthusiasm of • He was convinced that America so weakened would dishearten allies who depended on us. • Hearten: give encouragement to • 她的进步让我感到振奋。

17. New Words and Phrases • Prospect :1.the possibility of future success • His prospects as a writer are excellent • 2.belief about (or mental picture of) the future • 3.someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) • 4.the visual percept of a region

18. New Words and Phrases • expectation, hope, outlook, prospect • 这些名词都有“期望，指望”之意。expectation指期待某事发生或假设某事能发生，多含揣想的意味。hope通常指建立在愿望基础上的期待。这种期待有可能发生或实现，但也可能相反。outlook多指根据征兆或分析对要发生的事情的愿望或预料。prospect与outlook的含义相近，但侧重对成功、利润和舒适生活等方面的期待。。

19. When archaeologists or other people excavate a piece of land, they remove earth carefully from it and look for things such as pots, bones, or buildings that are buried there, in order to discover information about the past. • inner, inside, interior, internal, inward • 这些形容词均含“内部的，内在的”之意。inner含义广泛，指事物中心或接近中心的部位，也可指内心隐密的活动。inside多指处于某物内部或靠近内部，常可与inner换用，可引申指内幕的，秘密的。interior指某物的内部，尤指某物的内侧；也可指内地的或国内的。internal书面用词，医学上多用，指事物的内部，也可指国内的或内政的。inward指朝着中心或内部方向的，侧重方向而不是位置；也可指内心的隐密活动。

20. a bubble economy • the bubble bursts • burst your bubble • bubble over with 兴致勃勃 • prick a bubble 揭穿真相 • on the bubble 不确定、两种结果皆有可能 • froth and bubble 转瞬即逝的事物

21. flurry • 1. a rapid active commotion • 2. a light brief snowfall and gust of wind • The Alps expect heavy cloud over the weekend with light snow flurries and strong winds. • blush,flush • 这两个动词均含有“脸红”之意。blush侧重因羞愧或尴尬而突然脸红。flush强调因愤怒、高兴、羞愧、发烧或酗酒等引起的脸红。

22. exotic plant 外来植物；引入的植物 • exotic dancer 脱衣舞女 exotic culture • adj.[物]异国的；[语]外来的；异国情调的outside, extraneous • 词根：exotic • n. exoticism异国情调；异国风味；洋派 • 每到元宵节之夜，许多城市举办灯会，展出各种彩灯，造型新奇，千姿百态。 • On this festive night， many cities hold lantern fairs to display many exotic and sometimes weirdly shaped multi-colored lanterns.  • 由于大龄未婚青年人数的增加，全国出现了许多婚姻介绍所 • With the number of single youth above the normal matrimonial age on the rise, match-making agencies （dating shows）have mushroomed across the country

23. laugh最常用词，指因喜悦、愉快或轻视而出声的笑或大笑。smile指面露微笑，侧重于无声。giggle指发出咯咯的笑声，较多地用于女人或孩子。 grin指露齿而笑。beam书面用词，指人因心情舒畅而发出的笑，即喜形于色地笑。sneer指冷笑、嘲笑。laugh最常用词，指因喜悦、愉快或轻视而出声的笑或大笑。smile指面露微笑，侧重于无声。giggle指发出咯咯的笑声，较多地用于女人或孩子。 grin指露齿而笑。beam书面用词，指人因心情舒畅而发出的笑，即喜形于色地笑。sneer指冷笑、嘲笑。 • kindle指艰难或缓慢地把可燃料点燃，可用于比喻。fire普通用词，指将某物点燃使其燃烧起来，火势可大可小。ignite多用于科技文体，指使某物受热直到燃烧或发光，也可指用火花使易燃物迅速燃烧起来。 light普通用词，指点燃易燃物，使其能发光，满足各种需要。

24. 如果工人受工伤，许多公司负责赔偿。 • 失去健康是无法补偿的。 • 勤勉和忠诚有时可弥补能力的不足 • Industry and loyalty sometimes compensate for the lack of ability • Exact • adj. 准确的，精密的；精确的 • vt. 要求；强求；急需 • vi. 勒索钱财 • be more exact 更确切地（说） • exact tribute from a conquered people

25. 一个电视节目主持人要站住脚可不容易。 • It is not easy to get a foothold as an anchorman. • Wen Jiabao indicated that to strengthen unity and cooperation with developing countries is the fundamental foothold of China’s foreign policies. • 温家宝表示,加强同发展中国家的团结和合作是中国外交政策的基本立足点。

26. ampliation n. 扩大, 扩张,[律](民事案件的)延期裁决 • amplification n. 扩大，发挥，详述，振幅；放大率 • Agonize • He agonized over the guilt that he felt. • 词根：agony • adj. agonizing苦恼的；痛苦难忍的 • agonized感到极度痛苦的，苦闷的 • agonal（尤指临死时）痛苦的 • adv. agonizingly使人烦恼地；苦闷地 • n. agony苦恼；极大的痛苦；临死的挣扎 • v. agonized使极度痛苦（agonize的过去分词） • vi. agonizing感到极度痛苦（agonize的ing形式） • agonise感到苦闷；挣扎 • vt. agonizing使极度痛苦；折磨（agonize的ing形式） • agonise挣扎；烦恼

27. Abraham was a Semite and Hebrew. He was called by God to be the father of the nation who would bring forth the seed that was promised to Eve to save man. He obeys God, God made promises with him. • Land, Great Nation, Seed, Blessing to all nations • Abraham was known for his great faith. His faith is composed of three things: knowledge, conviction, and trust.

28. covenant • 这是一个互相保卫的盟约。 • It is a covenant for mutual defense. • 中国已经加入了国际人权公约 • China has acceded to the international human rights covenant.

29. drag, draw, pull, haul, tug, tow, jerk • 这些动词都有“拖、拉”之意。drag指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻时可指把人硬拉扯过来。draw指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平稳意味，常作借喻用。pull最普通用词，包含本组其它各词的一些意思，可指朝各个方向拉，侧重一时或突然拉动的动作。haul指用力拖或拉，不涉及方向，多作航海用词。tug多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉，但不一定使被拉的人或物移动。tow特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西。 jerk指快而突然地拉。 • For overtime work, they usually reimburse employees for meals and transportation fees and double or triple their pay.

30. once double triple quadruple quintuple sextuple septuple octuple nonuple decuple • sanctimonious假装虔诚的；假装圣洁的；假装诚实的 • sanctified认可的，批准的；神圣化的 • sanctionative认可的；约束的 • n. sanction制裁，处罚；认可；支持 • vt. sanction制裁，处罚；批准；鼓励 • sanctity圣洁；尊严；神圣不可侵犯性 • sanctification神圣化，神灵化 • sanctimony假装的圣人气派；假装的虔诚，假装的神圣 • sanctitude圣洁；神圣

31. Back in the period of the Tubo Kingdom, King Gesar, the ancient epic was already widely spread in the areas along the Himalayas. After the 13th century, with the introduction of Buddhism into Mongolia, large volumes of Tibetan works and scriptures were translated into Mongolian, and King Gesar was one of them, which thus formed Mongolian style of King Gesar. In the latter half of 14th century, namely, the period at the end of the Yuan dynasty and the early Ming dynasty, the epic was even spread in a large range, when it was introduced to the Tu ethnic group, the Naxi ethnic group and the Yugu ethnic group bordering on Tibet.

32. 马克·吐温仍以他那似乎永不枯竭的机智和幽默，使美国公众笑逐颜开。马克·吐温仍以他那似乎永不枯竭的机智和幽默，使美国公众笑逐颜开。 • Twain continued to amuse the American public with a seemingly inexhaustible store of wit and humor. • A mountaineer is usually equipped with alpine jacket wind-proof garment, down jacket and climbing kit.

33. 我们正处于历史的紧要关头 • We are at a critical time in our history. • In the critical moment, he made vigorous efforts to turn the tide and saved the enterprise. • 3.critical mass • 群聚效应 群聚效应(Critical mass)是一个社会动力学的名词，用来描述在一个社会系统里，某件事情的存在已达至一个足够的动量，使它能够自我维持，并为往后的成长提供动力。

34. 词根：critic • adv. critically精密地；危急地；批评性地；用钻研眼光地 • n. criticism批评；考证；苛求 • critic批评家，评论家；爱挑剔的人 • critique批评；评论文章 • criticality  [核] 临界；危急程度 • criticalness批判性 • vi. criticize批评；评论；苛求 • criticise批评；吹毛求疵；非难

35. Human adj. 人的；人类的 n. 人；人类 • Human resources /nature • humanism人文主义；人道主义 • humanlike似人类的 • adv. humanly以人力；像人地；在人力所能及的范围 • n. humanity人类；人道；仁慈；人文学科 • humanist人道主义者；人类学者，人文学者；人文主义者 • humanization人类化；教化 • humanise变得有人性；变得仁慈；有教化力（等于humanize） • humanness为人，为人的资格；人性 • vi. humanize变为有人性；有教化 • Humane adj. 仁慈的，人道的；高尚的 (武器、牲畜屠宰机等)使少受痛苦的，无痛的 • humanitarian人道主义的；博爱的；基督凡人论的

36. human, humane, humanism, humanitarian& humanity • Two of the hostages were released on grounds. • He was lacking in basic . • They write letters demanding treatment of prisoners. • Tests show the meat is unfit for consumption. • Someone who believes in is called a humanist. humanitarian humanity humane human humanism

39. New Words • Allah- the Arabic word for God • Tenet- One of a set of important beliefs • Urdu- the national language of Pakistan • Savannah- a flat grassland • Jirga- A village council or meeting • Dupatta- a headscarf worn by the women

40. Interesting Facts • K2 is the second highest Mountain • Pakistan has no schools to learn in and no warmth. • Pakistan is a very poor country. • Most women were a headscarf called a Dupatta. • Pakistan had no bridge so they would go in this little basket that has a wire connected to the basket a slowly pull them over .

41. My Thoughts I liked this book very much because it was a true book that actually happened and that it was a very specific book. This book wasn’t boring after the first five pages. I also liked this book because it taught me a lot about Pakistan and the K2. So yes I will recommend this book to anyone.

42. Themes • Trustworthy- many people in this book were trustworthy but most of all Greg was the most trustworthy. He kept his promise that one day he will come back and build a bridge for the children of Pakistan. • Determined- Greg was very determined to build a school because he wanted all the kids to have somewhere to learn and study.

43. 三、 进 针 法

47. Advanced English （一） 操 作 方 法