‘Being Roman Cypriot’: The Ummidii of Paphos Ersin Hussein: e.hussein@warwick.ac.uk

1. ‘Being Roman Cypriot’: The Ummidii of Paphos Ersin Hussein: e.hussein@warwick.ac.uk The University of Warwick: Department of Classics and Ancient History Supervisor: Dr Alison Cooley Introduction: The history of Roman Cyprus has traditionally been considered ‘obscure’ and ‘uniform’. This thesis proposes to re-evaluate the history of Roman Cyprus through a study of the representation and expression of identities in the island’s epigraphic record. It will be argued that while Cyprus has long been considered a provincial backwater, it is an important and unique case study for considering the themes of power, identity, and life in the Roman provinces in general. This case study focuses on a family of local elites from Paphos who were granted the Roman civitas by the proconsul of c. AD 18, C. UmmidiusDurmiusQuadratus, and is part of a larger investigation into the representation of Cypriots enfranchised by Rome attested in the epigraphy of the civic and sacred contexts of Roman Cyprus. RomanCivitasin Cyprus: Cyprus was annexed from the Ptolemaic Empire in 58 BC by Rome, only to be restored to the Ptolemies in 48/7 BC by Julius Caesar. Rome’s control of Cyprus was fully realized with the fall of Alexandria in 30 BC to Octavian. From this time, Cyprus and its inhabitants shared the fate of Egypt under Rome. They were treated as enemies surrendered at discretion, dediticii, which perhaps explains the notable lack of colonies, free cities, and cases of its inhabitants being granted civitas in this minor Roman province. The Koinon of Cyprus honourRhodokles, son of Rhodokles ἈφροδίτηιΠαφίαι· ΚυπρίωντὸκοινὸνῬοδοκλέαῬοδοκλέουςτὸν καὶΣτασικράτην, ἀρχιερασάμενοννησιωτικῶςτοῦθεοῦ ΣεβαστοῦΚαίσαρος, τὸναὐθαίρετονἀγωνοθέτηντῶν 5 ἀχθέντωνὑπὸτοῦκοινοῦΚυπρίωνπρώτωςἐνΣεβαστῆι Πάφωινησιωτικῶνἱερῶνἀγώνωνπενταετηρικῶν Καισαρογερμανικείων, ἀρετῆςχάριν. References: SEG 23.638; RDAC (1964), 211, 23b; AnnEp. (1966), 487. Monument type: Statue base of slate-coloured marble. Location: The Sanctuary of Aphrodite at Palaipaphos, found near Mandria. Date: AD 18/19. Measurements: 0.92 long, 0.80 wide, 0.26 high. • Key Questions • How are the members of this newly enfranchised family represented by these monuments? • What aspects of ‘being Roman’ are drawn upon and emphasised? • How intensified is their expression of Roman, Cypriot or local identity in these inscriptions and how would the texts of the inscriptions complement the accompanying statues or monuments? • Does the context in which these monuments were set up impact on the types of identity expressed? • What can these monuments reveal about the familial relationships of the Ummidii? • Conclusions • These monuments present a fascinating mixture of evolving identities that are not limited to strictly being ‘Roman’, ‘Cypriot’, or ‘local’. • The Ummidiiwere united by marriage to another local family granted civitas, the Claudiiof Paphos. Both families dominated the Paphian religious scene and these monuments emphasise their local prestige as priests and priestesses of long established Cypriot cults. • The context of four of these monuments situated in the Sanctuary of Paphian Aphrodite intensifies the local identity of both families. • The names Pantauchos, Appharion, Rhodokles and Teukros reflect Cyprus’ character as an island of mixed settlement as they are Macedonian, Samian, Attic and Rhodian in flavour. • A re-configuration of the stemma of this family reveals that C. UmmidiusQuadratus was married to both Claudia Rhodokleia and Claudia Appharion and that these two women were not the same person, contra Terence Bruce Mitford. It is uncertain, however, how many generations of this family are represented by these monuments. • Key Bibliography • Cayla, J. B. (2004) ‘Livie, Aphrodite et uneFamille de Prêtres du CulteImpérial à Paphos’ in S. Follet (ed.) (2004) L’Hellénismed’Époque Romaine, Paris: 233-243 • Corsten, T. (2010) ‘Names in –ΙΑΝΟΣ in Asia Minor a Preliminary Study’ in R. W. V. Catling and F. Marchand, (eds.) (2010) Onomatologos. Studies in Greek Personal Names Presented to Elaine Matthews, Oxbow Books: 456-464 • Mitford, T. B. (1980) ‘Roman Civitas in Salamis’ in Salamine De Chypre Histoire et Archéologie, état de recherché, Paris: 275-288 • Syme, R. (1968) ‘The Ummidii’ in Historia: ZeitschriftfürAlte Geschichte, Vol. 17, No. 1: 72-105 Key Roman duo/trianomina Greek cognomen Religious and civic appointments held Denoting the date of the inscription Denoting the setting of the monument Caius UmmidiusQuadratus and Claudia Rhodokleahonour Caius UmmidiusPantauchosQuadratianus Ἀφροδίτῃ Παφίᾳ ΓάιονΟὐμμίδιονΠάνταυ- χονΚουαδρατιανὸνἀρχιε- ρέαΓάιοςΟὐμμίδιοςΚουαδρᾶτος 5 καὶΚλαυδίαῬοδοκλέαἀρχιέρεια τὸνυἱόν. References: JHS 9 (1888) 237, 41; IGRR III 951. Monument type: A ‘badly cut’ blue pedestal. Location: The Sanctuary of Aphrodite at Palaipaphos. Date: Uncertain. Measurements: Not given. Tiberius Claudius Teukros, son of Tiberius Claudius Rhodokles, is honoured [τὸνἀρχιερέ]α v Ἀφροδ[ίτης] [ΤιβέριονΚλ]αύδιονΤε[ῠκρον], [Τιβερίου ? Κλαυ]δίουῬοδοκ[λέους] [υἱόν, . . . . ]ου ? ὑῳνό[ν . . ] References: Mitford (1980), 282, no. 43; SEG 30.1629. Monument type: Red marble altar. Location: Palaipaphos. Date: Middle of the first century AD? Measurements: Not given. Claudia Appharionhonours her grandson Caius UmmidiusTeretinaQuadratus (also known as Pantauchianos) ἈφροδίτῃΠαφίᾳ ΓάιονΟὐμμίδιονΤηρητίνᾳΚουαδρᾶτον, τὸνἀρχιερέα τὸνκαὶΠανταυχιανὸνΓαίου 5          Τηρητίνᾳ ΟὐμμιδίουΠανταύχο[υ] υἱὸν, τοῦἀρχιερέωςκαὶγυμνασιαρ- χήσαντος, ΚλαυδίαἈπφάριον, Τεύκρουθυγάτηρ, ἡ ἀρχιέρ(ε)ιατῶν 10 κατὰΚύπρονΔήμητροςἱερῶν, τὸνἑαυτῇςυἱωνὸνεὐνοίας χάριν, ἔτους ηʹ. References: IGRR III 950; CIG 2637; LBW 3.2801. Monument type: Statue base. Location: The Sanctuary of Aphrodite at Palaipaphos. Date: The eighth year of Vespasian? Measurements: Not given. Claudia Appharionhonours her son Caius UmmidiusPantauchosQuadratianus [ΓαίονΟὐ]μμίδιονΠάνταυχον[Κουα]- [δρατιον]όν, τὸνγυμνασιαρχή[σαντα] [δράκ]τοιςκαὶλουτῆρσιΝερ[ωνείοις] [ἐκτοῦ ἰ]δίουμέχρινυκτος, [τὸνδιὰ] 5 [βίουἀρ]χιερέα, τὸν ἰερέα τοῦ κώ[μου], [Κλαυδ]ία Ἀπφά[ριον Τ]εύκρου θυ[γάτηρ], [τὸν ἑ]αυτῆςυἱόνμνήμης [χάριν] References: RDAC (1970), 154, 10; Mitford (1980), 282, n. 46; SEG 30.1630. Monument type: Fragmentary statue base of grey local marble. Location: Found at Kato Paphos. Date: Neronian. Measurements: 0.35h., 0.545 w., 0.485 th.