Bonneville Power Administration Heat Pump Water Heater Laboratory Testing Results & Field Work

1. Bonneville Power AdministrationHeat Pump Water Heater Laboratory Testing Results & Field Work August 2, 2011 Kacie Bedney, BPA Project Manager Ben Larson, Ecotope Research Scientist Additional slides courtesy of…… NEEA Ammi Amarnath, EPRI Technical Executive Christine Bunch, SCL Retail Program Manager

2. Agenda • BPA Lab Testing Project • Project Goals • Equipment Examined • Measurement & Verification Overview (M&V Plan) • Equipment Comparisons • Compressor Ranges, COP & Mapping Results • Annualized COPs • NEEA Lab Testing Bunch, SCL Retail Program Manager • EPRI Demonstration Project • Description • Research Objectives • Early Results • Seattle City Light HPWH Program

3. Lab Testing Project Goals • Using a controlled laboratory environment, evaluate the performance of HPWHs in Pacific NW conditions • Determine impacts of the HPWHs on the spaces where they are installed • Estimate energy savings of the equipment

4. Equipment Examined Rheem 50-gallon GE 50-gallon AO Smith 80-gallon

5. Measurement & Verification Plan • Developed 1.5 yrs ago with help of advisory committee: • http://www.bpa.gov/energy/n/emerging_technology/pdf/HPWH_MV_Plan_Final_012610.pdf • Conducted national lab search and selected National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) to perform the tests

6. M&V Plan Overview M&V Plan consists of multiple test types: • COP Mapping • as a function of both ambient air conditions and water temperatures • also includes restricted airflow testing • DOE Standard Rating Points • 24 hr Energy Factor (EF) and 1st hr Rating • Operating Mode Explorations • determine under what conditions equipment switches from heat pump to resistance element use • Draw Profiles • simulated use tests

7. 24hr, 1hr Results & Spec. Comparison

8. Compressor Operating Ranges • Colored areas show ambient air T and ave tank T in which the compressor operates • Green – AO Smith, Blue – GE, Gray –Rheem • ATI66 (not shown) has extended low Tamb range with active defrost cycles • Verified operation to 30F with high RH conditions

9. Compressor COP Map Results • COP mapping created a full performance characterization of the equipment under a range of environmental condition • COP depends strongly on Tdb & TTank and less so on Twb • Measured the operational boundaries of the compressor

10. COP Mapping Results

11. Summary Findings • Lab measured characteristics of equipment and performed DOE rating tests achieving results comparable to published data • Completely map compressor performance over operating ranges • Determine under what draw conditions units switch to resistance element • Draw profiles show link between storage capacity and overall efficiency • Key equipment findings: • Circulation pumps can destratify the tank potentially leading to compromised user experience • Rheem has limited low temperature compressor range leading to more element use • Both Rheem and GE storage capacity of 45 gallons tends to result in more element use especially around peak draw periods • AO Smith larger storage capacity of 75 gallons reduces element use 11

12. Annualized COPs & DHW Energy Use Energy use for water heater only – does not include interactive effects on heating & cooling 12

13. NEEA Test Unit Manufacturer: AirGenerate Model: ATI66 Features: • 66 gallon nominal (64 measured) • Tank Material: Stainless Steel • Refrigerant – 410A • Electric Element – 4kW • Compressor Size – 7700 BTU/Hr • Exhaust ducting • Reverse cycle defrost • Supports simultaneous resistance element and heat pump operation

14. EPRI/BPA HPWH Demonstration • Nationwide testing of 160+ residential HPWHs • GE, AO Smith, Rheem • Collaborative research with multiple utilities • BPA utilities will test 40 units in the region (with an additional 13 control homes) • HPWHs monitored for: efficiency, performance, reliability, electric demand, application issues and customer behavior

15. EPRI/BPA HPWH Demonstration Research objectives: • Assess heat pump water heater technology by measuring efficiency • Provide credible data on the performance and reliability of heat pump water heaters • Assess user satisfaction in a residential setting

16. EPRI/BPA Demonstration Project

17. Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for All Sites, January 2011 Preliminary Results

18. Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for BPA/Snohomish PUD, January 2011 Preliminary Results

19. Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for BPA/Snohomish PUD, February 2011 Preliminary Results

20. Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for BPA/Snohomish PUD, March 2011 Preliminary Results

21. BPA Timelines BPA Lab Testing Schedule • October 2009 – Project kick-off with Ecotope • November 2009 – Formed Advisory Committee • January 2010 – Final M&V Plan issued • June 2010 – Lab testing kick-off with NREL • July 2011 – Preliminary assessment reports issued on AO Smith, GE and Rheem • August/September 2011 – Final report due EPRI/BPA Demonstration Project Schedule • May 2010 – Project kick-off with EPRI, SnoPUD and Fluid Market Strategies • January 2011 – Installation complete • March 2012 – Data collection complete • June 2012 – Final report due from EPRI

22. BPA Links Lab Testing Results M&V Plan Preliminary lab results for AO Smith, GE, Rheem HPWH Advisory Committee Presentation 6-30-11 (for those wishing to dig into the fine details) Link to the above….. http://www.bpa.gov/energy/n/emerging_technology/projects.cfm EPRI Demonstration Project http://www.bpa.gov/Energy/N/pdf/BPA_HPWH-demo-project_Overview_Final.pdf

23. Summary of BPA Results • Early results from EPRI field test BPA/Snohomish sites • Ambient air temperature data for various installations • Hot water flow rates, energy use and COPs • Customer survey results • Lab performance curves for GE, Rheem, AO Smith • Annualized COPs and HPWH energy use by • Manufacturer • Heating zone • Location in home 23

24. Seattle City Light HPWH Program • New program launched Jan. 1, 2011 • Marketed primarily in retail big-box locations • $250 rebate. Evaluating whether to increase to $500 in 2012 to align with PSE. • Program requirements • ENERGY STAR, installed in unconditioned space such as garage or unconditioned basement. • Rebated units • 9 units – all are the GE Geospring 50 gal. • 8 installed by contractor, 1 DIY • In process of verifying units and sending out surveys In-store counter card

25. Next Steps Review presentations and report details Next RTF meeting, presentation on: Northern Climate Specification Unit Energy Savings proposal Ongoing HPWH research EPRI HPWH Demonstration Project Other lab and field tests

26. Contact Information BPA Lab Testing, Field Testing Kacie Bedney, HPWH Project Manager Bonneville Power Administration 503.230.4631 kcbedney@bpa.gov BPA Emerging Technology Jack Callahan, Emerging Technology Bonneville Power Administration 503.230.4496 jmcallahan@bpa.gov BPA Residential Sector Lead Sarah F. Moore, Residential Lead Bonneville Power Administration 503.230.4157 sfmoore@bpa.gov Ecotope Ben Larson, Research Scientist 206.322.3753, ext 207 ben@ecotope.com