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Labor Forces

Labor Forces. Chapter 12. Terms to Know. Labor Quality Labor Quantity Labor Mobility. Labor Mobility. 1945-1970s--30 million workers Two groups Foreign-born Foreign Immigration 11.5% Naturalization U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Two missions Illegal immigrants.

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Labor Forces

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  1. Labor Forces Chapter 12

  2. Terms to Know • Labor Quality • Labor Quantity • Labor Mobility

  3. Labor Mobility • 1945-1970s--30 million workers • Two groups • Foreign-born • Foreign • Immigration • 11.5% • Naturalization • U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services • Two missions • Illegal immigrants

  4. American Policies • History • Federal Law • 1921 • 1965 • 1986 • Visa Types • B visa • E visa • F visa • H visa • I visa • J visa • L visa

  5. American Policies • Immigrant Visas • Refugee/Asylum Seekers • 75 million • Historical trends • Requirements • Population trends • U.N. High Commission for Refugees

  6. Immigration • Fueled economy • Brain Drain • What is it? • Why does it happen • Example: Jamaica • Reverse Brain Drain • Why is it occurring? • Guest Workers • Why use them? • Problems

  7. Labor Force Productivity • “How many acceptable units are produced by a worker during a given time and cost per unit.” • Forces

  8. Considerations in Employment Policies • Social Status • Sexism • Racism • Minorities in Traditional Studies • Developing Nations

  9. Social Status • Great Britain • India • Caste system • Brahmin • Kshatriyac • Bania • Shudra • Rules • Japan • Warrior-samauri • Farmers and artisans • Merchants • “Dirty” occupations

  10. Sexism • Extremes • Maternity and Family Leave • Women’s education • Global literacy rates • Opportunities in decision-making

  11. Racism • Does globalization reduce it?

  12. Minorities in Traditional Sciences • Traditional Sciences • What are they? • Use of minorities to create inroads • Advantages • Disadvantages

  13. Developing Countries • What is causing problems? • Effects of higher education

  14. Employer-Employee Relationships • Importance of Preparation • Labor market • Research • What to look for? • Labor trends

  15. Labor Unions • Europe • Political • Government active • United States • More pragmatic • Collective bargaining • Japan • Enterprise-based • Focus on company • Least satisfied

  16. Labor Unions • Membership Trends • Union free businesses • Women and teenagers • Union success • Knowledge economy

  17. Multinational Labor Activities • Globalization Effects • Union Response • European Union • European Trade Union Conference • AFL-CIO • International Labor Organization • What does it do? • Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD • What does it do? • Would harmonized labor standards boost trade and income? • Unions • IMF

  18. Worker Participation • Codetermination • Originated in Europe • How does it work? • Expansion • U.S.? • Works Councils • Objective: • Two forms • Spreading to the U.S.?

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