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Effectiveness in Reducing Trait Anxiety Meta-analysis of 146 studies. TM. Placebo. Other Relaxation. Relaxation Response. Other Meditations. PMR. EMG-Biofeedback. Mantra Meditation. Concentration. 0. 0.5. 1. Effect Size (Standard Deviations)

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  1. Effectiveness in Reducing Trait Anxiety Meta-analysis of 146 studies TM Placebo Other Relaxation Relaxation Response Other Meditations PMR EMG-Biofeedback Mantra Meditation Concentration 0 0.5 1 Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Eppley KR, Abrams A, Shear J: Journal of Clinical Psychology [45] 957-974,1989

  2. Increased Physiological Relaxation Meta-analysis of 32 studies TM Rest Plasma Lactate Respiration Rate Basal GSR 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Dillbeck MC, Orme-Johnson DW: American Psychologist [42] 879-81, 1987

  3. Increased Self Actualization Meta-analysis of 42 studies TM Other Relaxation Other Meditation 0 0.5 1 Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Alexander CN, Rainforth M, Gelderloos P:Journal of Social Behavior & Personality [6] 189-247,1991

  4. Improved Psychological Outcomes Meta-analysis of 51 studies TM Zen Relaxation Response 0 0.5 1 Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Ferguson PC : Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder , 1981

  5. Effectiveness in Decreasing Alcohol Use Meta-analysis of 97 studies TM Peer Influence Relaxation DUI Preventative Ed 0 0.5 1 Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Alexander CN, Robinson P, Rainforth MV, Alcohol Treatment Quarterly [11] 13-87, 1994

  6. Effectiveness in Decreasing Drug Abuse Meta-analysis of 70 studies TM Peer Influence Preventive Ed 0 0.5 1 Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Alexander CN, Robinson P, Rainforth MV, Alcohol Treatment Quarterly [11] 13-87, 1994

  7. Reduced Blood PressureA Randomized Controlled Trial of Transcendental Meditation, Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Education Control in Older African Americans EC 0 PMR Change in Diastolic BP (mm Hg) p < .02 -5 TM p < .0001 -10 0 1 2 3 Months of Treatment Schneider RH, Staggers F, Alexander CN, et al. Hypertension [26] 820-827, 1995

  8. Reduced Blood PressureA Randomized Controlled Trial of Transcendental Meditation, Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Education Control in Older African Americans 0 EC PMR Change in Systolic BP (mm Hg) -5 p < .02 TM -10 p < .0004 -15 1 2 3 0 Months of Treatment Schneider RH, Staggers F, Alexander CN, et al. Hypertension [26] 820-827, 1995

  9. Effects on Carotid Atherosclerosis in African Americans with Hypertension + 0.1 + 0.05 Change in Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (mm) p < .045 0 TM - 0.05 HEALTH EDUCATION - 0.1 Castillo-Richmond AB, Schneider RH, et al. Effect of Stress Reduction on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Hypertensive African Americans, Stroke [31] 568-573, 2000.

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