Pennsylvania Standards For Residential Site Development

2. Pennsylvania Standards For Residential Site Development Promoting Low Impact, Sustainable Development Scott Brown, PE Pennoni Associates sbrown@pennoni.com Kelleann Foster, RLA Landscape Architecture Dept. Penn State University Kxf15@psu.edu Alex Duran, PhD, PE Pa Housing Research Center Penn State University aduran@engr.psu.edu http://www.engr.psu.edu/phrc/

3. What is Sustainable Residential Development ? ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY

4. Project Objective • Project Objective: • To develop guideline residential infrastructure design standards for Pennsylvania that meet today's need for affordable and sustainable communities.

5. Project Team • Project Team • Pennsylvania Housing Research Center (PSU) • Hamer Center for Community Design (PSU) • Oversight Committee • $ Funding $ • Pennsylvania Builders Association • Pennsylvania Housing Research Center • Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency • Water Environment Research Foundation

6. Voluntary Adoption • Must have concurrence from appropriate state regulatory agencies and other stakeholders • Oversight Committee • DEP • PennDOT • DCED • Municipal Officials (PSATS) • Engineering Community • Planning and Landscape Architecture Community • Surveying Community • Emergency Services • Builders / Developers • Site Contractors • Environmental Groups PennSCAPES, 2003

7. Voluntary Adoption • Spectrum of community visions: • Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) • Mixed Use Subdivisions (PUD) • Suburban Cluster • Suburban Mid to Large lots • Rural Cluster • Conventional Rural large lots increasing Density decreasing

8. Approach • Review Existing Ordinances • Review of Current Research and Literature • … Best Science land development ordinance reviewed land development ordinance reviewed

9. Content:Site DesignStreet StandardsPedestrian and Bicycle CirculationParking Standards Storm water Management & Conveyance FacilitiesWastewater FacilitiesPotable Water Supply StandardsOther Utilities

10. Document Format: Commentary Commentary Standards

11. Illustrations and photographs used throughout Document Format:

12. CH1 -overview Highlights: Chapter 1 – Site Design Considerations • A community’s land is a key resource • How it is developed is responsibility of elected officials • Community vision for future becomes reality via policies • - Ch. 1 differs from rest of document

13. Highlights: Chapter 1 – Site Design Considerations TofC-flexibility2 Flexibility Are your ordinances structured to provide flexibility in how developers can achieve your community’s desires? • Facilitate approval process • Provide alternatives to meet goal • Performance based approvals • Incentives • Note- all standards presented as options = • range of choices to achieve objective

14. Highlights: Chapter 2 - Streets

15. Highlights: Chapter 2 - Streets Uniform Street Classification System • ArterialsRural / Urban • CollectorsRural / Urban • LocalRural / Urban • Residential Access (A & B) • Residential Collectors • Mixed Use / Collector • Special Use Streets • Alley • Divided Streets • Commercial / Industrial Access • Municipal Collector • Municipal Arterial PennDOT Classifications R E S I D E N T I A L Proposed Municipal Street Classifications O T H E R Municipal Street Classifications a subset of PennDOT Classifications Based on type of use and character of roadway

16. Proposed Street Classification

17. Highlights: Chapter 2 - Streets General Design Standards • Intersection design • Driveway entrances • Traffic calming • Landscaping • Lighting Intersection bulb-outs chicanes

18. Highlights: Chapter 2 - Streets Stormwater runoff volume as a function of street width

19. Ch 3 start Highlights: Chapter 3 – Pedestrian and Bicycle Circulation Sidewalks Minimum Impact Trails Core Circulation Trails Bike Lanes

20. Sidewalks 1 Highlights: Chapter 3 – Pedestrian and Bicycle Circulation • both sides of street for: - lot sizes 1/2 Ac - avg frontage 100’ - mixed use/collector • at least one side of street: - frontages 100- 125’ • in R.O.W • In easement Sidewalks: • Location • Buffering • Width • Cross Slope • Driveway Crossings • Curb Ramps • Surface Material • Details

21. Core trail1 Highlights: Chapter 3 – Pedestrian and Bicycle Circulation Core Circulation Trails: Paved, multi-purpose; provide connections • Location • Buffering • Width • Horizontal Alignment • Vertical Alignment • Surface Material • Rest Areas • Cross Slope and Drainage • Intersections • Signage • Details

22. Bike lanes 1 Highlights: Chapter 3 – Pedestrian and Bicycle Circulation Bike Lanes: • Width • Pavement markings

23. Parking overview Chapter 4 – Parking • Consider how parking islands can also serve stormwater function • Consider shared parking for complimentary uses • Excessive parking drives up development costs as well as future maintenance costs • Excessive parking produces unnecessary environmental impacts; increase in run-off

24. Highlights: Chapter 4 – Parking Parking Rates

25. Highlights: Chapter 4 – Parking SFD driveway/ garage geometry • Garages/ carports: 10 ft wide * 18 ft long • Garages/ carports must have additional 60 sq ft. “storage area” to credit parking space • Driveway parking spaces • 8 ft wide * 20 ft long Garage Driveway

26. Highlights: Chapter 5 – Stormwater Management and Conveyance Stormwater Management … Heavy reference to PA SW BMP Manual … Standards are similar (except for infiltration of volume of runoff from 2 year storm) Conveyance … Pipes and open swales / channels … Standards and computational techniques.

27. Highlights: Chapter 5 – Stormwater Management  Encourages use of Evapotranspiration-Based conveyance/ infiltration systems

28. Highlights: Chapter 5 – Stormwater Management Peak Runoff Rate: (Flood Control) BMP Manual Guidance No increase in peak runoff rate pre- to post-development. No implementation standard suggested. Residential Development Standards No increase in peak runoff rate pre- to post-development. Demonstrate through evaluation of runoff response from 1, 2, 10, and 100 year rainfall events.

29. Highlights: Chapter 5 – Stormwater Management Runoff Volume: (implementation) • Residential Development Standards • Infiltration, capture and re-use, vegetative systems, extended detention. • Existing impervious to be modeled as impervious. • Extended detention practices permitted when it is documented that infiltration of 2-yr volume diff. problematic. • … not cost effective or environmentally sound, and • for EV streams … demonstrate discharge will maintain and protect quality. • [Title 25, Chap. 93.4c (b) (1) (i & iii)]. • Minimum recharge requirement defined. • Extended detention standards provided.

30. Highlights: Chapter 5 – Stormwater Management Conveyance: • Use vegetated swales when possible • Pipe Materials – Concrete, Ductile Iron, HDPE, Corrugated Steel • Corrugated steel when approved by Municipal Engineer • Standards given for all types of pipes, including manufacturing, couplings • Bedding / Cover standards within the trench • Inlets, Catch Basins, Manholes, and Outlets

31. Highlights: Chapter 6– Wastewater Facilities • Concept • All residential developments must be served by a wastewater collection and treatment system • Variety of system options • Terms are confusing, ex. Individual and on-lot • Pressures of development versus changing requirements • Conveyance - only gravity systems discussed

32. Highlights: Chapter 6 – Wastewater Facilities Specifics: • Availability of Public Systems – when you have to hook up based on distance to the municipal sewer • Classification of Wastewater Facilities • Specifics for Each Provided

33. Highlights: Chapter 7 – Potable Water Supply Standards • Concept • Provided by variety of sources: private wells, private community systems, municipal authorities, public utilities • Usage rates <10,000 gallons per day over 30-day period is generally unregulated by PA DEP • Standards focus mostly on private wells (municipalities have direct control over standards for wells but not for other types of potable water systems) • Lots of specifics

34. Highlights: Chapter 8 – Other Utilities • Covers standards for electricity, cable, TV, phones, gas, etc. • Backfill standards • Alternative fire protection standards …Storage Tanks …Dry Hydrant Systems

35. [OPERATION][MEMBERSHIP][PUBLICATIONS][CALENDAR][LINKS][MAILING LIST] Pennsylvania Standards for Residential Site Development, April 2007 Powerpoint presentation on this publication   “Setting a New Standard for Livable Communities” by Dr. Alexander Duran Press Release on PA Land Development Standards Clearing a path to reason (article from Keystone Builder Magazine) “Model for Land Development May Help Townships Plan Growth” Go to www.www.engr.psu.edu then choose “publications” http://www.engr.psu.edu/phrc/Land%20Development%20Standards.htm

36. Option 1 (View Sample Files) Please note:  "Document formatted for double-sided printing in "landscape" orientation. Two-side printing with short-edge binding OR Duplex -"head to head" All files below are PDFs.  These are Sample Files.  Cover and Preamble  Chapter 1: Site Design Considerations (5 of 27 pages). (4767 kb) Chapter 2: Street Standards (9 of 78 pages) (16459 kb) Chapter 3: Pedestrian and Bicycle Circulation (5 of 30 pages). (9491 kb) Chapter 4: Parking Standards (5 of 25 pages). (2629 kb) Chapter 5: Stormwater Chapter (5 of 52 pages). (1666 kb) Chapter 6: Wastewater Facilities (5 of 49 pages). (4815 kb) Chapter 7: Potable Water Supply Standards (5 of 26 pages). (1660 kb) Chapter 8: Other Utilities (5 of 10 pages) (1636 kb) Option 2 – If you want to view the full version, please email http://www.engr.psu.edu/phrc/Obtain%20Password%20page.htmto obtain a password.   You will automatically receive a login name and password to have access to print the whole document.  Option 3 -- Click on the link below to order a high quality digitally printed and bound copy of the document for $45. You will be redirected to another web site. You will have to create a log in name and password then follow the steps to order. To obtain a printed copy of the document go toPrint on Demand Service

37. Outreach Efforts • Outreach essential to get Township Supervisors to adopt the Standards • 4-6 workshops will be held this spring at locations across PA to familiarize urban planners with the Standards (PPA) • Workshops will also be promoted to township supervisors through PSATS

38. Questions or Comments? Please contact me at: • Alex Duran, PhD, PE • Pennsylvania Housing Research Center • Penn State University, University Park, PA • aduran@engr.psu.edu • 814 863 2990