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Understanding Properties of Matter: Elements, Compounds, Physical, and Chemical Properties

Learn about the fundamental concepts of matter, including elements, compounds, physical properties like melting point, and chemical properties such as flammability. Explore mixtures and their types, heterogeneous and homogeneous, in this comprehensive guide.

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Understanding Properties of Matter: Elements, Compounds, Physical, and Chemical Properties

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  1. Properties of Matter • All things are composed of matter • Matter can primarily be classified as pure substances or mixtures • See flowchart on p.15

  2. Pure Substances • A pure substance can be categorized into either elements or compounds

  3. Elements • An element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom. • Examples include: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen • Elements cannot be broken down into further components

  4. Compounds • A substance that is made from atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined. • Examples include: water (H2O), or carbon dioxide

  5. Physical Properties • A property that is observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. • Examples include: melting point, and boiling point

  6. What is a physical change? • Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties • Type of matter remains the same • Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change

  7. Chemical properties • Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties • Ex: flammability

  8. Chemical changes • The change of a substance into a new and different substance • Also known as a chemical reaction • Ex: burning paper, wood rotting

  9. Types of Mixtures • A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter which retains its own identity and properties. • Types of mixtures can be divided into heterogeneous vs. homogeneous mixtures.

  10. Heterogeneous Mixtures • A mixture that does not have a uniform composition. • Ex: a mixture of clay and water

  11. Homogeneous Mixture • A mixture that has a uniform composition. They are also called solutions. • Ex: a salt-water solution.

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