Learning and Memory in Schizophrenia

1. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS Learning and Memory in Schizophrenia J. Daniel Ragland jdragland@ucdavis.edu

2. Memory is not analogous to a computer hard disk • Binding the disparate aspects of an event makes it a coherent episodic memory

3. Retrieval involves multiple processes Familiarity Recollection

4. Schizophrenia Causes Memory Problems Patients with Schizophrenia • Present in Neuroleptic Naive FE PatientsSaykin et al. (1994) • Not Due to Medication, Duration, or Severity of Clinical SymptomsAleman et al. (1999) • Longitudinally Stable except in Late LifeCensits et al. (1997); Harvey et al. (2001) • Present in Unaffected RelativesCannon et al. (1994); Glahn et al. (2007) • Predicts Functional OutcomeGreen (1996); Nuechterlein (2011) Effect Size Heinrichs & Zakzanis (1998); Sitskoorn et al (2004)

5. Related to Organizational Problems during Encoding • Failure to Organize Semantically Related Lists(Gold et al., 1992; Brebion et al., 1997) That can be Remedied by Providing Strategy Controls Patients • Normal LOP Effect(Ragland et al., 2003) • Recall Deficit Eliminated Through Blocking & Cueing(McClain et al., 1983)

6. Particularly for Familiarity and Item Encoding Ragland et al., Schiz Bull, in press

7. Problems related to PFC Deficits that can be Remedied with Behavioral Interventions Without Encoding Strategy With Encoding Strategy Controls Patients Both No Group Diference Prefrontal Activity Greater In Controls Than Patients Ragland et al., (2004) Amer J Psychiatry Ragland et al., (2005) Amer J Psychiatry

8. Future Directions • Develop New Pharmacological Treatments- CNTRICS Initiative (http://cntrics.ucdavis.edu/)- Use of Pharmaco-fMRI • Optimize Cognitive Training Procedures- Link Improvements in Cognition to Improvements in Functional Outcome • Early Identification and Intervention- Improve Understanding of Developmental Processes

9. Thank YOU UCD Center for Mind & Brain Simona Ghetti Steve Luck • UCD Transl. Cog. & Affective Neurosci. • Cameron Carter • Joshua Phillips • Tyler Lesh • Michael Minzenberg • Tara Niendam • Jong Yoon UC Berkley Silvia Bunge Kepa Paz-Alonso Rob Blumenfeld UCD Department of Psychology Charan Ranganath Andy Yonelinas Laura Libby Arne Eckstrom Kristin Flegal Wei-Chun Wang UCSF Department of Psychiatry Rachael Lowey Sophia Vinogradov Daniel Mathelon University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Deborah Hannula Research supported by NIMH grants R01MH084895, R01MH059883, and R24MH083734S1