Soliloquy

1. so·lil·o·quy/səˈliləkwē/Noun 1. An act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, esp. by a character in a play. 2. A part of a play involving such an act.  Soliloquy

2. Aside a·side/əˈsīd/ Noun: A remark by a character in a play intended to be heard by the audience but not by the other characters.

3. Prose • prose/prōz/ • Noun: Written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.

4. Idiom • id·i·om/ˈidēəm/Noun • 1. A group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words (e.g., raining cats and dogs). • 2. A form of expression natural to a language, person, or group of people: "he had a feeling for phrase and idiom".  

5. Denotation/ Connotation • Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary definition."¨ For example, if you look up the word snake in a dictionary, you will discover that one of its denotative meanings is "any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles¡Khaving a long, tapering, cylindrical body and found in most tropical and temperate regions." • Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. The connotative meanings of a word exist together with the denotative meanings. The connotations for the word snake could include evil or danger.

6. Dialect • di·a·lect/ˈdīəˌlekt/ • Noun: A particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group. Examples: South: "Y' all" North: "You guys" South: "Fixin' to" North: "About to" ...

7. Anecdote • an·ec·dote/ˈanikˌdōt/Noun • 1. A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. • 2. An account regarded as unreliable or hearsay.

8. Alliteration/ Consanance/ Assonance • Poems often utilize many devices to be effective and successful. Three related terms referring to sound in poetry are alliteration, assonance, and consonance. These three terms are often confused for one another, or used in place of one another. Though they are related, they are quite different. Let’s look at them separately:

9. Alliteration • Alliteration is the repetition of consonants within words in close proximity. Alliteration generally refers to sounds at the start of a word. Here are two literary examples: • Beowulf was written in Old English and contains many lines of alliteration: • feasceaftfunden; he þæsfrofregebad,weox under wolcnum, weorþ-myndumþah • In the first line, the letter 'f' is used in repetition, and the same with 'w' in the second line. • In Gerard Manley Hopkins's “Pied Beauty”: • Glory be to God for dappled things...Landscapes plotted and pieced—fold, fallow and plough;And álltrádes, their gear and tackle and trim. • The letter “g” is used in repetition in the first line, “p” and “f” in the second line, and “t” in the third line. • In one more example, Shakespeare parodies alliteration in Peter Quince's Prologue in A Midsummer Night's Dream: • Whereat, with blade, with bloody blameful blade,He bravely breach'd his boiling bloody breast.

10. Assonance • Assonance is the repetition of vowel-sounds within non-rhyming words. • In Poe's, 'Bells' he uses assonance of the vowel 'e:' • Hear the mellow wedding bells. • Assonance of the vowel 'u' used by Robert Louis Stevenson: • The crumbling thunder of seas

11. Consanance • Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds within words. Consonance is very similar to alliteration, but the distinction between the two lies in the placement of the sounds. If the repeated sound is at the start of the words, it is alliteration. If it is anywhere else, it is consonance. In most cases, consonance refers to the end sound (like “nk” in blank and think • Consonance in 'The Silken Tent' by Robert Frost: • 'as in guys she gently sways at ease'

12. Examples • And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain • This line clearly contains all three, and can show the difference between assonance, consonance and alliteration. • Assonance is the repetition of the ur sound in 'purple' and 'curtain.' • Consonance is the repetition of the s sound within 'uncertain' and 'rustling.' • Alliteration is the repetition of the s sound at the start of 'silked' and 'sad.' • These terms are very closely related, though the distinction between them comes in determining vowels versus consonants, and then placement within the words.

13. PLOT • - sequence of events or action of a story

14. PLOT • Exposition –the part of the story, usually at the beginning, in which the characters are introduced, the background is explained, and the setting is described

15. PLOT • Rising Action – the central part of the story in which various problems arise

16. PLOT • Climax – the high point in the action of the story, the turning point

17. PLOT • Falling Action – the action and dialogue following the climax that leads the reader into the end of the story

18. PLOT • Resolution – the part of the story in which the problems are solved and the action comes to an end

19. Discuss and Record • Exposition • Characters • Setting • Background • Introduction to conflict – what might it be?

20. CONFLICT • struggle between opposing forces

21. CONFLICT • Internal Conflict - struggle within the character's mind External Conflict - struggle against an outside force

22. CONFLICT • 1. man vs. himself • 2. man vs. man • 3. man vs. nature • 4. man vs. society • 5. Man vs. supernatural

23. SETTING • - the background against which the action takes place* Setting can • a) affect the plot • b) influence the mood • c) create realism • d) foreshadow events • e) establish boundaries

24. SETTING • * Elements that make up setting are: • geographic location/ scenery • the time or period (year and season) • occupations and daily manner of living of the characters • general environment

25. Character • - person in a (narrative) work develops through: • *what he/she says • *what others say to/about him/her • *action he/she takes *other's responses

26. Character • Motivation - feeling, idea or goal that causes a character to act a certain way • Static Character - stays the same from the beginning to end of the story. • Dynamic Character - changes from the beginning to end of the story

27. MOOD • the feeling or atmosphere created by a story

28. THEME • the message, moral, lesson, or basic comment about life that the writer shares with the reader, the main idea

29. POINT OF VIEW • - Relationship of the narrator (story telle ) to the story.*Do not confuse the narrator with the author.

30. POINT OF VIEW • - First Person - the narrator is a character in the story

31. POINT OF VIEW • Second Person – the narrator directly addresses the reader.

32. POINT OF VIEW • Third Person - outside observer tells the story • Limited – seen and understood by a single character • Omniscient – all-knowing

33. IRONY • – contrast between what happens and what is expected

34. TONE • the author's attitude toward the subject and the audience

35. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE • language that goes beyond the dictionary definition of words to create fresh and original descriptions

36. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE • Simile – the comparison of two unlike things using "like" or "as"

37. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE • Personification – the giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea

38. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE • Metaphor – the comparison of two unlike things without using "like" or "as"

39. Foreshadowing • Foreshadowing suggests events that have yet to occur in a work of literature. Writers use foreshadowing to build their readers’ expectations and to create suspense. • Ex. A weapon found in a drawer early in a story might foreshadow a future crime in the story.

40. Flashbacks • A flashback is a narrative technique that allows a writer to present past events during current events, in order to provide background for the current narration. By giving material that occurred prior to the present event, the writer provides the reader with insight into a character's motivation and or background to a conflict. This is done by various methods, narration, dream sequences, and memories • This device is often used to provide additional information to the reader.

41. Irony • Irony is a literary term referring to how a person, situation, statement, or circumstance is not as it would actually seem. Many times it is the exact opposite of what it appears to be. There are many types of irony, the three most common being verbal irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony.

42. Metaphor • Metaphor-A metaphor is a figure of speech that says that one thing is another different thing. This allows us to use fewer words and forces the reader or listener to find the similarities. • Ex. Her home was a prison. • In the above sentence, we understand immediately that her home had some of the characteristics of a prison. Mainly, we imagine, she could not leave her home. She was trapped inside. Why it was a prison we do not know, but that would be clear from the context--perhaps her husband forced her to stay at home, perhaps she was afraid of the outside. We don't know, but the rest of the story would tell us. What is important here is that in five simple words we understand a lot about her environment, how she felt and how she behaved. In this sentence, "prison" is a metaphor.

43. Allusion • Allusion-An allusion is a literary device that stimulates ideas, associations, and extra information in the reader's mind with only a word or two. Allusion means 'reference'. It relies on the reader being able to understand the allusion and being familiar with all of the meaning hidden behind the words. • “Christy didn't like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities".

44. Paradox • A statement that is seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense and yet is perhaps true • It is a paradox that computers need maintenance so often, since they are meant to save people time. • As an actor, he's a paradox—he loves being in the public eye but also deeply values and protects his privacy.

45. Euphinism • the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant; also: the expression so substituted • senior citizen - old person • law-enforcement officer - policeman • undertaker - a person or firm whose job it is to dispose of the bodies of people who have died • Dead or passed away

46. Oxymoron • a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect, as in “cruel kindness” or “to make haste slowly.” • Civil war • Jumbo shrimp • Seriously funny • Almost ReadyBad sport • Bad luck

47. Allegory • a narrative that serves as an extended metaphor. Allegories are written in the form of fables, parables, poems, stories, and almost any other style or genre. The main purpose of an allegory is to tell a story that has characters, a setting, as well as other types of symbols, that have both literal and figurative meanings. • Loved the Aesop’s Fables? Remember The Boy Who Cried Wolf? The story of a boy who made two attempts of fooling his neighbors that a wolf had threatened to kill his flock of sheep, got to learn his lesson after they disagreed to come to his help when danger actually arrived. All his efforts were rendered futile when wolf actually came and attacked his cattle, as the people chose to keep out. The allegory reveals the dangers of encompassing lies on day-to-day speech.

48. Satire • a literary composition, in verse or prose, in which human folly and vice are held up to scorn, derision, or ridicule. • Examples: Satire examples from media include: • “Weekend Update” from Saturday Night Live • The Daily Show • The movie Scary Movie • The movies of Austin Powers • Most political cartoons in newspapers and magazines • The songs of Weird Al Yankovic