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66 th Annual Georgia Tech Protective Relaying Conference

66 th Annual Georgia Tech Protective Relaying Conference. Gerry Cauley, President and CEO, NERC April 26, 2012. NERC Mission. The North American Electric Reliability Corporation’s (NERC) mission is to ensure the reliability of the North American bulk power system. .

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66 th Annual Georgia Tech Protective Relaying Conference

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  1. 66th Annual Georgia Tech Protective Relaying Conference Gerry Cauley, President and CEO, NERC April 26, 2012

  2. NERC Mission The North American Electric Reliability Corporation’s (NERC) mission is to ensure the reliability of the North American bulk power system.

  3. Top Priority Reliability Issues • Misoperations of relay protection and control systems • Human errors by field personnel • Ambiguous or incomplete voice communications • Right-of-way maintenance • Changing resource mix • Integration of new technologies • Preparedness for high impact, low frequency events • Non-traditional threats via cyber security vulnerabilities NERC President’s Top Priority Issues for Bulk Power System Reliability, http://www.nerc.com/news_pr.php?npr=723 athttp://www.nerc.com/fileUploads/File/News/NERC%20President%20Top%20Priority%20BPS%20Reliability%20Issues%201-7-11.pdf

  4. Top Priority Reliability Issues • Misoperations of relay protection and control systems • Human errors by field personnel • Ambiguous or incomplete voice communications • Right-of-way maintenance • Changing resource mix • Integration of new technologies • Preparedness for high impact, low frequency events • Non-traditional threats via cyber security vulnerabilities NERC President’s Top Priority Issues for Bulk Power System Reliability, http://www.nerc.com/news_pr.php?npr=723 athttp://www.nerc.com/fileUploads/File/News/NERC%20President%20Top%20Priority%20BPS%20Reliability%20Issues%201-7-11.pdf

  5. Reliability Equipment Reliability Human Performance Human Interaction with Equipment (coupled w/Automation)

  6. Misoperation Categories (2011 Q2-Q3) Misoperation Count Misoperation Category

  7. Misoperation Causes (2011 Q2-Q3) Misoperation Count Misoperation Cause

  8. Misoperation Relay Technology (2011 Q2-Q3) Misoperations by Relay Technology (only Relay Failure/Malfunction Cause) Misoperation count

  9. Misoperation Relay Technology (2011 Q2-Q3) Misoperations by Relay Technology (only incorrect Settings/Logic/Design Error Cause) Misoperation count

  10. Mental Model of the System • Apparent simplicity with hidden complexity • Fitting your understanding into the system constraints (hardware and software) • Different manufacturers, diverse applications and tools, requires different approaches • Design for a person to use, set and operate

  11. Solving Problems: Untying the Knot John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

  12. Solving Important Problems • Increase of certain behaviors • Discussion of Risk Control • Maintain regulatory objectivity • Examine the nature of problems • Cross-functional problem solving • Identify creative data-driven solutions

  13. NERC and the ERO Solve Problems Category 1 - Grow-ins Zero during 2011 Category 2 – Fall-ins Zero during 2011 Category 3 – Fall-ins One outage caused by vegetation falling into lines from outside the right-of-way was reported during the 4th quarter 2011.

  14. Lessons Learned – Published 2011

  15. Lessons Learned – Published 2011

  16. Lessons Learned – Published 2012

  17. Cause Code Assignment Process (CCAP) • A1 Design/Engineering Problem • A2 Equipment/Material Problem • A3 Individual Human Performance LTA • A4 Management Problem • A5 Communication LTA • A6 Training Deficiency • A7 Other Problem

  18. A3 - Human Performance Cause Code Assignment Process (CCAP) • A1 Design/Engineering Problem • A2 Equipment/Material Problem • A3 Individual Human Performance • B1 SKILL BASED ERROR • B2 RULE BASED ERROR • B3 KNOWLEDGE BASED ERROR • B4 WORK PRACTICES • A4 Management Problem • A5 Communication LTA • A6 Training Deficiency • A7 Other Problem

  19. A3 - Human Performance Cause Code Assignment Process (CCAP) • A3 Individual Human Performance • B1 SKILL BASED ERROR • C01 Check of work LTA • C02 Step was omitted due to distraction • C03 Incorrect performance due to mental lapse • C04 Infrequently performed steps were performed incorrectly • C05 Delay in time caused LTA actions • C06 Wrong action selected based on similarity with other actions • C07 Omission / repeating of steps due to assumptions for completion • B2 RULE BASED ERROR • B3 KNOWLEDGE BASED ERROR • B4 WORK PRACTICES

  20. NERC Alert-Advisory Configuration Control Practices- Advised Industry of events resulting from human performance errors during protection system maintenance. Event examples of inadequate control procedures: • Relay technician follow proper procedure to return protection system to normal state resulting in remote trip. • Construction team failed to use latest construction document resulting in incorrect calibration of equipment. • Relay technician leaves work site. Returns to resume work but did so at wrong cabinet and trips substation. • Technician trips a transformer due opening a wrong current shorting switch.

  21. The Way Ahead • Relays need to be designed understanding the human interface needs • Relays require checks and supports for understanding, installing, operating and maintaining • Risk based approach

  22. Questions and Answers

  23. NERC CCAP

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