Controlling Industrial Pollution: An Environmental Management Perspective

1. Controlling Industrial Pollution: An Environmental Management Perspective Hisham Abou Jaoude Secretary of Environment Committee Association of Lebanese Industrialists

2. State of Industries in Lebanon: Number of Industries in Lebanon and Geographical Distribution • 1999 22,026 industrial establishments (MoI 2000)- 1999 29,282 industrial establishments (Central Administration of Statistics CAS); • Industrial establishments mainly concentrated in Mount. Lebanon followed by the North, Bekaa, Beirut, the South and Nabatiyeh (CAS); • 50% increase in the number of industries since the early 1990s (MoI); • Most industries are located outside the industrial zones (95.6% of industries in Greater Beirut and 75.3% of industries in Mount Lebanon).

3. State of Industries in Lebanon: Size & Type of Industries in Lebanon • Most industries are small or medium sized • More than 90% employ <10 people (MoI, 2000) • Workforce of 114,000 people • Until April 2001, 3 classes of industrial establishments depending on degree of environmental threat (decree 4917) • At present amended to 5 industrial classes (class 1serious, significant, limited, insignificant, no risk) (decree 5243) • 973 class 1 establishments (MoI 2000) employing 4,651 & generate US$104 million in added value per year.

4. Potential Challenges Faced by Industries in Lebanon • Freer international trade markets • Trade agreements • Euro-med agreement • WTO • Arab free trade agreements • Bilateral agreements • High production costs • Vulnerability of industrial sector to competition in cost and quality

5. Challenges Faced by the Environment due to Industrial Activities • Uncontrolled dumping of industrial solid waste • Lack of industrial effluent treatment facilities • Uncontrolled emissions into the atmosphere • Industries located outside industrial zones

6. Challenges Faced by the Ministry of Environment • Limited resources: • Financial • Human

7. National Standards for Environmental Quality EIA or Environmental Guidelines Permitting System Monitoring Plan Classification MoE’S STRATEGY FOR NEW FACILITIES

8. National Standards for Environmental Quality National Environmental Audit Manual Compliance Action Plan Direct And Indirect Incentives Monitoring Plan MoE’S STRATEGY FOR EXISTING FACILITIES

9. EIA or Environmental Guidelines Set/update decrees for classified establishments Technical Work Developing 12 Ministerial decisions relative to the environmental guidelines for the issuing of Design and Operation permits related to some of the most polluting classified establishments

10. EIA or Environmental Guidelines Ministerial Decisions • Decision 75/1 Tanneries. 21/9/2000; • Decision 90/1 residential buildings located in the vicinity of rivers protected by the Ministry of Environment. 16/11/2000; • Decision 5/1 the Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables (Cooling,Pickling, Cooking and Canning). 4/1/2001; • Decision 5/1 Gas Stations, 25/1/2001; • Decision 3/1 Rendering Plants. 25/1/2001; • Decision 4/1 Slaughterhouses. 25/1/2001; • Decision 16/1 Farms. 5/4/2001; • Decision 29/1 Dairy Plants. 31/5/2001; • Decision 60/1 Construction stones 20/9/2001 • Decision 61/1 Plastic 20/9/2001. • Decision 15/1 Glass. 14/3/2002. • Decision 16/1 Rubber.14/3/2002.

11. Sample

12. The Green Hotel Guidelines OBJECTIVE • Introduce environmental concepts at the design & construction phase of the hotels

13. National Standards for Environmental Quality Set/update standards for environmental quality • Developing the national standards for environmental quality in conjunction with MVV Innotec GmbH; • Translating the developed standards into the Ministerial Decision 8/1 (1/3/2001).

14. National Standards for Environmental Quality National Standards for Environmental Quality • OBJECTIVE • The standards cover: • Wastewater discharges in the Sea, Surface water and Sewerage systems. • Air pollution: Generic or specific standards for the energy sector, power generators, cement industry, glass industry, battery manufacturing, electroplating, aluminum industry, food industry, MSW incinerators.

15. National Environmental Audit Manual The National Environmental Audit Manual OBJECTIVE The main objective of the audit manual is to facilitate and unify the environmental auditing procedures in industrial facilities. The final audit findings will provide an exact idea about the environmental performance and overall situation of the plants visited, enabling the environmental experts to adopt the necessary measures for achieving compliance.

16. Ensures Cost-effective compliance with laws, regulations, standards and company policy • Promotes Good environmental management • Increases Employee productivity and awareness and safety at work • Reduces Operation costs Benefits of Auditing

17. Improves the image of the facility and enhances competitiveness • Triggers new priorities in policies and practices • Incorporates the environmental dimension in a facility 's operation; Leads to the provision of a certification from the MoE Benefits of Auditing (cont’d)

18. National Environmental Audit Manual The National Environmental Audit Manual for Hotels and Hospitals OTHER AUDIT MANUALS

19. Monitoring Plan Environmental Monitoring It is in this perspective that SPASI has developed a monitoring software capable of selecting randomly industrial facilities to be visited. Having a sound monitoring strategy represents a major step towards ensuring the continuous sustainability of industrial compliance.

20. *Note: Random Selection of visits will be done according to preset criteria defined by the decision maker (i.e. per area, industrial sector, etc.) Monitoring Plan Monitoring Scheme Random Selection of Visits* Industry Database Visit Industries YES Compliance . NO Watch List

21. Monitoring Plan GIS Coverage • Class I- highly Polluting • Class II- Medium Polluting • Class III- Low Polluting

22. Developing industries’ data-base structure Providing an easy access to monitoring system Reducing to the minimum, human interference in the monitoring system Providing an automated reporting system Monitoring Plan Providing GIS compatibility Benefits of the Environmental Monitoring Software

23. Compliance Action Plan Compliance Action Plan • Development of The National Compliance Action Plan (CAP) which puts in place a specific strategy to be implemented by industrial sectors in view of complying with existing environmental regulations; • Testing the CAP in two pilot facilities (the pulp and paper and olive oil sectors).

24. Direct/Indirect Enforcement measures Direct/Indirect Incentives Direct And Indirect Incentives Better Environmental Performance/Compliance Facilitate Compliance Through the Introduction of Economic Instruments Incentives & enforcement measures are used in parallel to help industries achieve compliance 

25. Direct/Indirect Incentives: Financial

26. Direct/Indirect Incentives: None-Financial

27. Spread awareness concerning industrial compliance Awareness Stakeholders: • Steering committee; • Municipalities; • Industrial Sectors; • Governors; • Foreign Environmental agencies & ministries; • Environmental consulting firms; • International & national organizations; • Universities; • Public utilities.

28. Spread awareness concerning industrial compliance Tools of awareness • Website: www.moe.gov.lb/spasi/spasi.htm • Brochures; • Posters; • Presentations; • Meetings; • Media coverage.

29. Achievements • 1998: Declaration of ALIND: ….. Adoption of cleaner production as main tool to solve industrial pollution…… • 4 industries certified ISO 14000 • More than 20 industrial facilities preparing for ISO 14000 • LCPC (EU funded project trough Life 3rd counties program) • Adoption of the Law 444 (Code of the Environment) • Strategies adopted all parties (ALIND + MoE + MoI) • Etc.

30. Thank You