Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health

1. Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health An Approach to addressing injuries and illnesses at work

2. Global Burden of Occupational Injury and Disease/Year *From Leigh, et al., Epidemiology 10(5):626-31, September 1999

3. *Estimated Annual Incidence of Occ Injury & Disease Worldwide

4. Global Burden Non-fatal Occ Illness & Injury, WHO TRAUMATIC INJURY

5. Primary Prevention • Identify and eliminate hazards • Systems to protect workers health and safety • Eliminate and reduce exposure

6. Secondary and Tertiary Prevention • first aid • treatment • emergency services

7. Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health • Identification • recognition • assessment • Control • eliminate • manage • personal protection • Prevention

8. Framework

9. Framework • Awareness • Qualitative Assessment • Exposure • Health • Hazard Judgment • Acceptable • Unacceptable • Uncertain • Quantitative Assessment • Exposure • Health • Risk communication Interventions Engineering Administrative

10. Framework • Awareness of Exposure Hazard • Sentinel Event • Observations • personal • newspaper • reports • Complaints • Near misses

11. Framework • Qualitative Assessment • Exposure assessment • epidemiology • reports • historical data • Health assessment • toxicology • surveillance reports • historical data

12. Framework • Exposure Profile and Hazard Judgement Where do I begin????? • Acceptable --Uncertain --Unacceptable

13. Framework • Hazard Judgement----uncertain • quantitative health assessment • medical surveillance • health surveys • quantitative exposure assessment • personal monitoring • workplace/environmental monitoring • exposure surveys

14. Framework • Risk communication • principles of risk communication • policy

15. Resources • Training • Internet • World Health Organization • International Labour Organization • Other • Local Expertise • scientists • physicians • nurses • public health practitioners • health educators • Reference Materials • journals • ILO encyclopedia

16. Cost of injuries and illnesses to employers • Payment for work not performed • Medical payments • Reduction or interruption of services • Administrative costs • Replacing injured or ill worker • Training new workers • Poor public relations

17. Course Objectives • Recognize a sentinel event as a warning signal that preventive measures need to be taken • Conduct a basic incident investigation • List the occupational hazards in a complex manufacturing workplace • List the adverse health outcomes from exposures in this workplace • Interpret data from a follow-up investigation of this workplace.

18. Course Objectives • Develop a surveillance program that serves as an evaluation tool for health risks in tanneries • Develop a questionnaire surveillance tool for monitoring hazards and adverse health outcomes in industry • Discuss issues related to worker surveillance • Present data in a form that can be understood by employees and policy makers, including employers and local/state enforcement agencies • Apply information gathered from above activities to develop policy recommendations for the tannery industry

19. Skills • develop incident investigation questions • create a report from incident investigation • take a work history • categorize hazards • develop workplace exposure and health questions • organize questions into a surveillance tool • administer a survey • communicate findings of a survey

20. Defining Terms • Hazardous Source • Hazardous Agent • Hazardous Effect • Assessment • Sentinel • Tannery – Complex Manufacturing Process