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Chapter 3 States of Matter

Chapter 3 States of Matter. 3.1 Solids, Liquids and Gases. How do you tell solid, liquids and Gases apart? Shape and Volume. Solids. Solids have: -a definite shape -a definite volume Types of Solids Crystalline solid :

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Chapter 3 States of Matter

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  1. Chapter 3 States of Matter

  2. 3.1 Solids, Liquids and Gases How do you tell solid, liquids and Gases apart? Shape and Volume

  3. Solids • Solids have: -a definite shape -a definite volume Types of Solids • Crystalline solid: • a solid material that contains particles that are arranged in a highly ordered structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. • Ex: Quartz, table salt, ice, diamonds • Amorphous solid: • particles within the solid have no organized structure whatsoever. The particles have some room to slowly slide past each other, especially when warmed • Like a really slow-moving liquid • Ex: silly putty, wax, asphalt, window glass

  4. Crystalline Solid Solid as a rock!

  5. Crystalline Solid All of the atoms are hooked together. They can’t move!

  6. Amorphus Solid! Glass Flows over time!

  7. Amorphus Solid! Structure over time can lose shape

  8. Crystalline Solid Amorphus Solid! Amorphus Solid! Crystalline Solid

  9. Liquids • Liquids have definite volume but a variable shape

  10. The liquid takes the shape of the container Shape Changes

  11. The amount (volume) of the liquid always stays the same.

  12. Why do liquids have definite volume but not shape? • Particles packed close together therefore... • Strong attraction among the particles (hence, definite volume) but not too strong • Particles can flow past each other to new locations (hence, no shape) • Ex: Freshman hallway, crowded dance floor

  13. Gas • No definite shape and No definite volume • Gases will fill the container it is in • Ex: helium in different sized and shaped balloons • Whatever is the shape and volume of the particular balloon is the same as the helium in it

  14. 99% of all matter is not asolid, liquid or gas but a…….. • Plasma • Found at extremely high temperatures • Found in stars

  15. Kinetic Theory • Kinetic energy • Energy of motion • All matter is in motion because of kinetic energy

  16. Solids • Atoms stay in fixed places but vibrate in place. • Volume and shape stay same • Liquids - atoms can move but are so close they attract to each other and are slowed down

  17. Gases - have a lot of Kinetic energy • Are free to move and are far apart they move • Move fast and fill up their container no matter the size

  18. 3.2 The Gas Laws • Pressure • How much you push on a surface • What is the Relationship between • P and F • P and A

  19. Pressure is measured in - PSI pounds per square inch ( in America) lb/in2 - N/m2 or Pascals (Pa) (everywhere else) * The pressure in a container is caused by the atoms inside pushing out.

  20. What affects gas pressure? • Temperature • Cold air has less kinetic energy so less force pushes out on tire. • Force decreases then pressure decreases

  21. Volume • As volume decreases Pressure increases • As volume increases Pressure decreases

  22. 3.3 Phase Changes • Phase Change • When one phase changes to another • Phase changes are reversable • All phase changes are Physical Changes

  23. Gas Sublimation Condensation Deposition Vaporization Liquid Solid Freezing Melting

  24. What happens to Energy during a phase change? • Energy is either released or absorbed • Endothermic change • Heat is absorbed • Heat of fusion – amount of energy absorbed • Exothermic change • Heat is released

  25. Melting • Ice (solid) • Energy increase molecules vibrate more quickly • Temperature increases • Melting • molecules move from fixed positions • endothermic • Water (liquid) • Molecules free to move

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