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Eugene P. Mayer

Eugene P. Mayer. Office: Bldg. #2, Rm. B19 Phone: 733-3281 Email: MAYER@MED.SC.EDU. Overview of the Immune System. Antigens. Definitions. Immunogen Antigen (Ag) Hapten Epitope or Antigenic Determinant Antibody (Ab) . Sequence determinants. Conformational determinants.

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Eugene P. Mayer

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  1. Eugene P. Mayer Office: Bldg. #2, Rm. B19 Phone: 733-3281 Email: MAYER@MED.SC.EDU

  2. Overview of the Immune System

  3. Antigens

  4. Definitions • Immunogen • Antigen (Ag) • Hapten • Epitope or Antigenic Determinant • Antibody (Ab)

  5. Sequence determinants Conformational determinants Factors Influencing ImmunogenicityContribution of the Immunogen • Foreignness • Size • Chemical Composition • Primary Structure • Secondary Structure • Tertiary Structure • Quarternary Structure

  6. Factors Influencing ImmunogenicityContribution of the Immunogen • Foreigness • Size • Chemical Composition • Physical Form • Particulate > Soluble • Denatured > Native

  7. Factors Influencing ImmunogenicityContribution of the Immunogen • Foreigness • Size • Chemical Composition • Physical Form • Degradability • Ag processing by Ag Presenting Cells (APC)

  8. Factors Influencing ImmunogenicityMethod of Administration • Dose • Route • Subcutaneous > Intravenous > Intragastric • Adjuvant • Substances that enhance an immune response to an Ag

  9. Factors Influencing ImmunogenicityContribution of the Biological System • Genetics • Species • Individual • Responders vs Non-responders • Age

  10. Chemical Nature of Immunogens • Proteins • Polysaccharides • Nucleic Acids • Lipids

  11. Types of AntigensT-independent • Properties • Polymeric structure • Polyclonal B cell activation • Yes -Type 1 (TI-1) • No - Type 2 (TI-2) • Resistance to degradation • Polysaccharides • Examples • Pneumococcal polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide • Flagella

  12. Types of AntigensT-dependent • Structure • Proteins • Examples • Microbial proteins • Non-self or Altered-self proteins

  13. Haptenic determinants Native determinants Hapten-carrier conjugates • Structure • native determinants • haptenic determinants • Definition

  14. Antigenic Determinants Recognized by B cells and Ab • Composition • Proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids • Sequence (linear) determinants • Conformational determinants • Size • 4-8 residues

  15. Fe Antigenic Determinants Recognized by B cells and Ab • Composition • Size • Number • Limited • Located on the external surfaces of the Ag

  16. Antigenic DeterminantsRecognized by T cells • Composition • Proteins • Sequence determinants • Processed • MHC presentation • Size • 8 -15 residues • Number • Limited to those that can bind to MHC

  17. Superantigen Conventional Antigen Polyclonal T cell response 1:4 - 1:10 Superantigens • Definition Monoclonal/Oligoclonal T cell response 1:104 - 1:105

  18. Superantigens • Definition • Examples • Staphylococcal enterotoxins • Staphylococcal toxic shock toxin • Staphylococcal exfoliating toxin • Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins

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