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Electrical safety and performances for household refrigerators

Electrical safety and performances for household refrigerators. IECEE Workshop August 26 & 27 Nairobi - Kenya. Fabio Gargantini IECEE Lead Assessor. Summary. Safety and performance aspects of household refrigerating appliances

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Electrical safety and performances for household refrigerators

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  1. Electricalsafety and performances for householdrefrigerators IECEE Workshop August 26 & 27 Nairobi - Kenya Fabio GargantiniIECEE Lead Assessor

  2. Summary • Safetyand performance aspects of householdrefrigeratingappliances • ConformityAssessment of householdrefrigeratingappliances • Building a TestingLaboratoryfor safetyand performance testsof refrigeratingappliances

  3. Safety and performance aspects of householdrefrigeratingappliances

  4. Standards on safety and performance of householdrefrigerators • Why a standard is needed • To give a common harmonized approach to the evaluation and testing of a product • To be used as common reference for the producer, the laboratory, the client, the Regulators, the Market surveillance Authorities • To serve as reference for the international trade and acceptance of products worldwide

  5. Safetyof refrigeratingappliances • Refrigerators are covered by ​​IEC 60335-2-24 Edition 7.1:2012 • IEC 60335-2-24 supplements or modifies IEC 60335-1 Edition 5:2010 • Appliances covered: • refrigerators for household and similar use • ice-makers with motor-compressor and ice-makers incorporated in frozen food storage compartments • refrigerating appliances and ice-makers for use in camping, touring caravans and boats for leisure purposes.

  6. Safety of refrigeratingappliances Examples of appliances NOT covered by IEC 60335-2-24: • motor-compressors (IEC 60335-2-34); • appliances intended to be used in the open air • appliances designed exclusively for industrial purposes • appliances with remote motor-compressors; • commercial dispensingappliances and vendingappliances (IEC 60335-2-75); • commercial refrigerators and freezers (IEC 60335-2-89); • commercial ice-creamappliances.

  7. Safety of refrigeratingappliances • IEC 60335-2-24 covers safety requirements • IEC 60335-2-24 does not cover: • Performances and energy efficiency • Fitness for use • RoHs • PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) • WEEE

  8. Safetyof refrigeratingappliances • Main risks covered by IEC 60335 Series : • Risks of electrical origin: access to live parts or parts that may be live in case of faults • Risks due to contacts with hot accessible surfaces • Risks due to access to moving parts • Risks due to flames and fire

  9. Safety of refrigeratingappliances • Main points of IEC 60335-2-24 • Scope and definition • Instructions and marking • Accessibility to live parts • Heating and abnormal use • Construction: grounding connections, resistance of materials • Protection to penetration of liquids or solids • Insulation distances • Resistance to fire/no spread of flames

  10. Safety of refrigeratingappliances Accessibility to live parts (Cl. 8) • Accessibility to live parts with a test finger to verify if no active parts are accessible • For Class II appliances, only double or reinforced insulation can be touched by the test pin (pin 15 mm long, with 3 mm diameter).

  11. Safety of refrigeratingappliances How the test iscarried out?

  12. Safety of refrigeratingappliances Examples of differentprobes for accessibility to live parts (Cl. 8)

  13. Safety of refrigeratingappliances Heatingtest (Cl.11) • Scope: to verifiythattemperatures of accessiblesurface and components are withinlimitprescribed for the specificmaterial • Test set-up: appliancesinstalled in a test corner and thermocouplespositioned in the relevantparts of the appliance (e.g. components, accessiblesurfaces, plasticmaterials, wiring) • Appliancessupplied and temperaturesmeasured with appropriate equipment & instruments

  14. Safety of refrigeratingappliances Protectionagainstmoisture (Cl.15) • Scope: to verifiythatpenetration of water doesnot cause reduction in creepage and clearances • Test set-up: appliancessubjected to water penetration Product under test a luminaire, but test set-up is the same ! • The results of the test:

  15. Safety of refrigeratingappliances Abnormal use (Cl.19) • Scope: to verifiythatnon operation of temperature control devices, or overload, or EMC phenomena, or failures in components, do not cause safetyproblems • Test set-up: appliancessubjected to consequences of unwishedsituations (e.gshortcircuit of thermostats) • Some results of the test :

  16. Safety of refrigeratingappliances Stability Test (Cl.20) • Scope: to verifythatoverturning of the productdoesnot cause safetyproblems • Test set-up: applianceplaced on an inclinedplane

  17. Safety of refrigeratingappliances Mechhanicalresistance (Cl.21) Scope: to verifiythatproductresists to impacts Test set-up: appliancesubjected to impacts with impact hammer

  18. Safety of refrigeratingappliances Supply connection (Cl.25 & 26) • Scope: to verifiythatmeans for connection to supply are suitable • Tests: verification of terminals and supplycablesubject to pull and push force

  19. Safety of refrigeratingappliances Provision for earthing (Cl.27) • Scope: to verifiythatmeans for earthing are suitable • Tests: verification of suitability of earth connection

  20. Safety of refrigeratingappliances Resistance to heat and fire (Cl.30) • Scope: to verify that plastic materials have adequate characteristics to avoid deformation or leakages or spread of fire • Tests carried out: Ball pressure CTI CurrentTracking Index GlowWire

  21. Performance and noiseemissionof householdrefrigerators • Covered by ​​IEC 62552 Ed.1 2007 for performances and IEC 60704-2-14 Ed. 2 2013 for noise Emission • ​​IEC 62552 is a stand alone standard • IEC 60704-2-14 is a part 2 of EN 60704-1 Ed. 3 2010 and shall be read with 60704-3 Ed. 2 2006 • Appliances covered by IEC 62552 and IEC 60704-2-14: all refrigerators for household and similar use

  22. Performance and noiseemissionof householdrefrigerators • Appliances NOT coveredby IEC 62552 and IEC 60704-2-14 • ice-makers with motor-compressor and ice-makers incorporated in frozen food storage compartments • appliances designed exclusively for industrial purposes • appliances with remote motor-compressors; • commercial dispensingappliances and vendingappliances • commercial refrigerators and freezers • commercial ice-creamappliances.

  23. News on standard for performanceof householdrefrigerators IEC 62552 under significant revision process • CDV circulated in May 2013 • Comments by August 2013 • By end 2013 it should be possible to release an FDIS, depending on comments from NCs New Edition should be published in 2014

  24. Why a new edition • Variety of standards used worldwide linked to regional regulatory measures, such as energy labelling. • Revision aims at a global acceptance and application. • The new Edition will have very significant changes and major improvements. • Revision is in fact an integration of different worldwide standards into one

  25. New Standard on Performanceof householdrefrigerators • IEC 62552-1, Definitions and General conditions for testing: • IEC 62552-2: Determination of linear dimensions, volumes and areas - Energy consumption test • IEC 62552-3: Other checks • air-tightness of doors, lids or drawer seals • opening force of doors or lids • durability of doors, lids and drawers • mechanical strength of shelves and similar components • storage temperatures, temperature rise test • freezing test • ice-making test • cooling test (not in 1st Edition)

  26. New Standard on performanceof householdrefrigerators Energy consumption tests: • Performed with the appliance in empty condition rather than loaded with test packages • Significant reduction of the uncertainty in the test result is expected • The thermal capacity of frozen food compartments is reduced, the testing time will be shortened.

  27. New Standard on performanceof householdrefrigerators Energy consumption test • Performed at two ambient temperatures (16 and 32 °C instead of only at 25 °C) • Rated energy consumption calculated by a combination of the results at 16 and 32 °C The weighting factor to be defined and can be different depending on the world region • Fresh food compartment temperature reduced to 4 °C

  28. New Standard on performanceof householdrefrigerators Energy consumption test: • A new adaptive test algorithm defines the time needed for a stable and reproducible test Test time reduced from a 70 ÷ 120 h to 10 ÷ 30 h • Very short test times for regular behaving products • Test time automatically increases for products having an irregular control behavior • Algorithm is also applicable to frost-free appliances This new procedure will reduce the uncertainty and the costs of the tests

  29. New Standard on performanceof householdrefrigerators Temperature performance testing • Storage temperature tests still performed with packages • The warmest package in frozen food compartments must meet the -18 °C to guarantee proper conservation • Load scheme drastically simplified using only 0.5 kg packages • A new cooling capacity performance test introduced for fresh food compartments

  30. New Standard on performanceof householdrefrigerators • Due to changes in reference temperatures, ambient temperatures and procedures, changes to the rated energy consumption are evident for all products • Rated energy consumption of refrigerators-only will increase • Rated energy consumption of frozen food compartments will decrease • Combination appliances will be between these two extremes.

  31. New Standard on performanceof householdrefrigerators The new energy consumption values can be matched reasonably to the current values, though actual values will be different for every product

  32. Energy- consumption Storage Temperature Freezing capacity Noise Temperature Rising Time Volume Related parameters in a test under EEE Scheme

  33. The impact of the new standard As the new global standard significantly differs from the current standard, many questions may arise. Points to be addressed: 1. The change in rated energy consumption of a series of appliances in various categories as a function of the weighing factor 2. The effect on the uncertainty of the test results 3. Have ambiguities been effectively removed? 4. Effect on testing costs

  34. The new standard in the international arena High worldwide interest in the new IEC 62552 • China new energy label will include the most important changes of the new standard (freezer unloaded, test at ambient temperature 16°C and 32°C, etc.) • 2015 energy regulations in Australia/New Zealand will be based on the new global standard • Europe will consider the new standard in revision process of Ecodesign and Energy labelling Regulations

  35. ConformityAssessment of householdrefrigeratingappliances

  36. Conformity Assessment of household refrigerating appliances ConformityAssessment? Demonstration that specified requirements (IEC Standards) relating to a product, process, system, person or body are fulfilled Testing, inspection and certification are part of the concept of Conformity Assessment either as a stand alone activity or all together.

  37. ConformityAssessmentof householdrefrigeratingappliancesunder IECEE Scheme IECEE is operating Third Party conformityassessmentschemes Third-party conformity assessment activity is performed by a person or body that is independent from the person or organization that provides the product, and of users of that product. Criteria for the independence of conformity assessment bodies and accreditation bodies are provided in the International Standards and Guides applicable to their activities

  38. ConformityAssessmentof householdrefrigeratingappliancesunder IECEE Scheme Safety Category HOUS – Household and similar equipment Standars applied IEC 60335-1 and IEC 60335-2-24 Performances and energy efficiency Category E3 Standards applied IEC 62552 and IEC 60704-2-14

  39. ConformityAssessmentof householdrefrigeratingappliancesunder IECEE Scheme • Products are tested to IEC standards with provision for supplementary testing for national differences, when relevant. • Reciprocal recognition of test results among all participating Certification Bodies simplifies the granting of certification or approval at national levels. • CB Test Certificates and associated Test Reports facilitate obtaining secondary certifications.

  40. ConformityAssessmentof householdrefrigeratingappliancesunder IECEE Scheme Why a CB Certificate + Test Report • Quick testing and certification • Worldwide recognition • Accelerate Product Acceptance • Recognized by Regulators & Authorities • Accepted by Retailers and Buyers • Expanded markets • Faster TtM

  41. IECEE Certificate and Test Report

  42. NCB A Issues CB Test Certificate with Testing Report Applicant Application to the NCB A Applicant receives CB Test Certificate and associated Test Report CB Test Certificate + Test Report NCB A processes application and CBTL carries out the testing Applicant sends documents to NCB B/C/D/n... CBTL A completes Testing to the IEC Standard + National Difference NCB B/C/D/n.. processes the received documents and grants its CBTL A Issues Test Report certification marks) NCB A reviews and validates the Applicant is granted with NCB B/C/D/n.. certification mark Test Report within 15 working days ConformityAssessment of householdrefrigeratingappliances IECEE CB-Scheme process

  43. Applicant request certificate for their product Applicant receives CB Test Certificate and associated Test Report Application to the NCB NCB processes application and assigns CB Test Certificate + Test Report a CBTL to carry out the testing Applicant addresses CB Test Certificate +Test Report to Retailers, Buyers, vendors and National Regulatory Authority CBTL completes Testing to the IEC Standard + National Difference CBTL Issues Test Report Retailers, Buyers, vendors and National Regulatory Authority purchase /accept the CBTC / CBTR to allow access to their respective market NCB receives and validates the Test Report NCB Issues CB Test Certificate Product can be sold in the relevant market ConformityAssessment of householdrefrigeratingappliances CB-Scheme Direct acceptance by the market place

  44. Building a TestingLaboratory for safety and performance testsof refrigeratingappliances

  45. Building a TestingLaboratory for safety and performance tests What is important? • Quality system set-up according to ISO/IEC 17025 • The key components for a good laboratory: • Testing apparatus • Measuring instruments and their calibration (CTL-OP 111) • Personnel • Procedures

  46. Main test apparatus for safety tests • Suitable air conditioning throughout the whole lab • Suitable control of characteristics of supply voltage and frequency (CTL-OP 110) • Temperature controlled chambers • Environmental chamber min 93% humidity • Room for tests on materials (CTI, Glow Wire, Needle flame test) • IP Test apparatus

  47. Main test equipment and measuring instruments for safety tests • Voltmeters. ammeters, multimeters, temperature recorders, scanners, • Thermocouples (CTL-OP 108 and 109) • Series of test probes for Cl. 8, 11, 20, 22 • Leakagecurrentmeter, HV test supply, earthcontinuity tester • Force gauges, impact hammer, masses, inclinedplan, torque screwdriver, water pressure test, • Ball pressure, needleflame • Critical consumablematerial (e.g. exhane, paper for GW, gas for needleflame)

  48. Tests than can be subcontracted for safety tests • EMC tests (Cl. 19.11.4) • Oxigenbomb test • Tests on components (e.g. on motorcompressor, capacitors) • Coatedprintedcircuitboards • Software evaluation • Vibrationtests • Tests for flammablerefrigerants

  49. The CTL list of test equipment • For IEC 60335-1 • For IEC 60335-2-24

  50. Main test equipment and measuring instruments for performance tests In addition to those required for safety tests: • Specific suitable control of characteristics of supply voltage and frequency (CTL-OP 110) • Specifictemperature controlledroom • Calibratermeter and ruler for volume measurements • Test packages • Device for durability of hinges of doors

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