Matter and Energy

1. Matter and Energy

2. Matter • Matter is what everything is made of. • Matter is anything that is made of atoms and molecules. • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

3. Properties of Matter • Properties are the characteristics of a substance. • Three major properties of all matter are mass, volume, and density.

4. Mass • Mass is the amount of matter in an object or substance. • Mass is measured in kilograms(kg), grams(g), and milligrams(mg). • Mass is measured with a scale.

5. Volume • All matter takes up space. • The amount of space that an object or substance takes up is volume. • Volume is measured in cubic centimeters (cm3) and cubic meters (m3).

6. Density • Amount of mass per volume. • Water has a density of 1g/cm3 1 dime = 1 gram

7. Compare densities to water Density of Iron is 8g/cubic cm Density of Nickel is 8.912g/cubic cm.

8. Physical Property • A physical property is a property that can be observed, measured, or changed without changing the substance itself.

9. Chemical Property • The ability of a substance to change into a new substance with different properties.

10. Atoms and Molecules • An atom is the smallest particle of a substance that has all the characteristics of that substance. • atoms and molecules • Atoms are mainly empty space.

11. Parts of an atom • Nucleus is made up of the protons and neutrons. • Protons have a positive charge, and neutrons have no charge. • Electrons are in clouds around the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged.

12. Elements • A pure substance made of only one kind of atom. • All the atoms of an element are alike. • There are about 110 known elements on Earth. 94 occur naturally. • What elements are in you?

13. Molecules • Atoms join together to form molecules. • A molecule can be made up of atoms of one element or two or more elements. • Molecules are held together by chemical bonds. • Chemical bonds contain energy • Molecule example: H2O, CO2, O2, N2

14. Periodic Table • Lists all elements arranged by properties and by atomic number. • An element’s atomic number equals the number of protons in one atom.

15. Phase Changes • Watch the water molecules change phase.

16. States of Matter In your journal describe the following phases

17. Speed of particles • Low energy = cold = slow • Medium energy = warm = faster • High energy = hot = fastest • To make particles move faster, add energy. • To make particles slower, remove energy

18. Solids • Definite shape and volume • Definite means the object won’t change it’s shape on its own. It will keep same volume too.

19. Liquids • Liquids have a definite volume but not a definite shape. • They take the shape of their container

20. Gases • Gases have no definite volume or shape.

21. Plasma • Atoms that have had their electrons stripped away by heat and pressure. • These electrons are free to move about • 99% of the known universe is plasma.

22. Changing states • Melting point Temperature at which the substance changes from a solid to a liquid. m.p. of water = 0°C, 32°F Melting point and freezing point are the same, just in opposite directions.

23. Changing states • Boiling point • Temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas • B.p. of water = 100°C, 212°F • Condensation point and boiling point are the same, just in opposite direction.

24. Law of Conservation of matter • Matter is not created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another! • i.e. burning match, vinegar and baking soda, mass on the sun. law of conservation of matter

25. Chemical Reactions • iron with sulfur to form iron sulfide • Baking soda and vinegar • Match burning • Matter is conserved in all reactions!