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Biomaterials Science at Oxford

Biomaterials Science at Oxford. Tissue Engineering: a new healthcare technology. Biomaterials. Biomaterials science may be the most multidisciplinary of all the sciences which encompasses aspects of medicine, biology, chemistry, engineering and materials science.

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Biomaterials Science at Oxford

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  1. Biomaterials Science at Oxford Tissue Engineering: a new healthcare technology

  2. Biomaterials • Biomaterials science may be the most multidisciplinary of all the sciences which encompasses aspects of medicine, biology, chemistry, engineering and materials science. • Biomaterials are : “Non-viable materials used in a medical devices intended to interact with biological systems”[D.F. Williams, 1987]

  3. Biomaterials: Examples • Joint replacements • Bone plates • Bone cement • Hip Joint • Artificial ligaments and tendons • Dental implants for tooth fixation • Blood vessel prostheses • Heart valves • Skin repair devices • Cochlear replacements • Contact lenses Hip joint Heart valve Knee joint Skin

  4. Biomaterials at Oxford Biomaterials Group Materials Dept. Drug Delivery Systems Nano-SIMS characterization of Teeth Tissue Engineering In vitro Testing Cell culture Tissue expander

  5. 3-D scaffolds for tissue engineering

  6. Example - Total Hip Replacement Osteoarthritis Computer Graphic Actual femur head removed

  7. Some Artificial Hips • UHMWPE • Alumina • Ti 6Al4V, Co-Cr, 316L stainless steel

  8. Implants – An X-Ray View After 10 years New Bone is resorbed when not stressed. A gap forms around the blade of the insert. Gap

  9. Total Hip Joint Replacement • 50,000 hip replacements (arthroplasties) in Britain each year. • Hydroxyapatite porous coatings in orthopaedic prostheses: Bioactivity, Osteoconductivity. • Problem: Infections in orthopedic surgery (10% of cases)

  10. Biopsy Nutrients, Growth Factors Human Cell Suspension Scaffold electrical stimuli chemical stimuli H Bioreactor system Implantation operation mechanical stimuli

  11. Variable Pore Size in Bone 4µm 220µm

  12. Computer-Aided Design of Vasculature We need a structure which will be space saving, strong and yet porous to allow growth of blood vessels… Learn from nature and use a HONEYCOMB structure

  13. 3-D printing From Dr. Chaozong Liu Printing video

  14. 3D Printing of Biocompatible Molds Layers of wax and scaffold material build up in 3D

  15. 3D Printing of Biocompatible Molds The wax is dissolved at high pressure and low temperature in liquid carbon dioxide… …this leaves a porous Scaffold

  16. Why collagen? • It is the ideal scaffold material: • is an important ECM molecule and is the major structural component in the body. • posses ideal surface for cell attachment in the body. • biocompatible and degrades into harmless products that are metabolized or excreted. • a very poor antigen , non-toxic.

  17. Collagen processing • This technique allow the control over pore size and porosity. • Achieved through variation of freezing temperature and collagen dispersion concentration Dry collagen scaffold

  18. Advantages of Scaffold formation • Control of the external structure: Technology: CT/MRI CAD

  19. Heart valve tissue engineering Collagen scaffold of heart valve Heart valve post- implantation Valve cells

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