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How Soils Form

Explore how soils form through physical and chemical weathering, organic material decomposition, and the accumulation of soil minerals over time to create distinct layers known as soil horizons. Discover the natural processes that shape the Earth's surface.

jamesdawson
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How Soils Form

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  1. How Soils Form Image: T. Loynachan Soils-2-1

  2. Physical weathering breaks rocks into small mineral particles that accumulate on the Earth’s surface. Images: Martin Miller, NRCS Soils-2-2

  3. Chemical weathering dissolves and changes minerals that have accumulated on the Earth’s surface. Images: National Cooperative Soil Survey, University of Nebraska Soils-2-3

  4. Decomposing organic material from plants and animals mixes with accumulated soil minerals. Images: NRCS, Soil Classifiers of Michigan Soils-2-4

  5. Accumulated soil materials contain voids filled with air or water. Image: T. Loynachan Soils-2-5

  6. Continued physical and chemical changes over hundreds to thousands of years produce layers called soil horizons. Image: National Cooperative Soil Survey Soils-2-6

  7. The Formation of Soils Image: T. Loynachan

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