Stabilization in Somalia

1. Stabilization in Somalia Overview & Background 12 May 2019

2. Lack of Political Reconciliation within elites / clans and lack of coherence of international assistance effort Renewed conflict enables and incentivizes Recriminations enable and encourage SOMALIA CYCLE OF FRAGILITY AND VIOLENCE Weak Governance abuse, oppression, exploitation by local power brokers including AS AS Insurgents exploit popular discontent, portray themselves as honest Popular discontent empowers Abuses create Popular Discontent and disillusionment with Government and International Community Cycle of Fragility & Violence Overall intent of the Stabilization Strategy and accompanying activities is to provide a platform to help build a credible and legitimate Government to break the cycle of fragility and violence in vulnerable communities

3. Stabilization: Overall Principles • Stabilization is first and foremost a sensitive political process. Therefore stabilization activities are typically linked to the political context and often require maximum adaptability to changing political needs. • Stabilization interventions support a process of revival and growth for social development in terms of security, justice, economic recovery and establishing government structures and administrations to promote peace and stability • Stabilization interventions within a complex political and volatile security context must be considered as high-risk investments, but non-intervention risks potential escalation in politically based violence and/or continued state fragility and poverty.   • The development of strong Government institutions is a generational task. Stabilization activities should not be limited to ‘quick impact’ interventions, rather they must be flexible enough to start quickly and be sustained into the long term. • Stabilization interventions aim to address the underlying causes of fragility and the accompanying conflict drivers that must be overcome to support state-building and peace-building efforts.

4. 1. AMISOM Comprehensive Approach to Security • 2. Somalia Institutions: (A) SNA, (B) Police, and (C) Justice 3. Stabilization 4. Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (P/CV)

5. OPERATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL Stabilization and the Transition Plan TransitionPlan SUPPORTING • Stabilization programming is included in the OPERATIONAL component • MoIFAR is included in the INSITUTIONAL component • The National Stabilization Strategy and accompanying State Stabilization Plans are detailed in the SUPPORTING component

6. Stabilization Strategy: Overall Goal & Objectives Goal: • Re-establish social contract between Somali citizens and and Somali authorities at all levels of government Objectives: • To establish credibility and legitimacy of local administrations through inclusive reconciliation processes and good governance • To deliver tangible and visible peace dividends to all Somali citizens through community recovery projects • To build Government legitimacy based on the rule of law including justice sector reform and policing

7. Overall Political & Security Context Stabilization Strategy: Focus Areas Rule of Law, inc’ Justice & Policing Local Governance Community Reconciliation Community Recovery Four Inter-Connected Focus Areas

8. MoIFAR has convening role within Somali Government to support overall coherence amongst all stabilization stakeholders • CAS Stabilization Strand Meeting serves as overall coordination platform for the Stabilization Strategy • State MoIs lead development of State Stabilization Plans and convene local stabilization meetings to enhance coordination and understanding amongst stakeholders FGS MoIFAR & FMS MoI – Coordination Roles Monthly Stabilization Meeting - Mogadishu State Stabilization Plan Workshop - Kismayo

9. AMISOM & UN Stabilization & Humanitarian Coordination Core Relationships and Associated Meeting Forums Stabilization Issues & Coordination inc’ MoIFAR led Stabilization Meetings and with key partners / forums e.g. UK ERI, AMISOM Police & SNA CIMIC AMISOM HLU AMISOM CIVIL AFFAIRS UN OCHA AMISOM CIMIC UNSOM CRESTA/A Humanitarian Issues & Coordination inc’ Joint CivMil Meetings

10. Overall Stabilization Approach • Stabilization as an approach emphasizes: (i) Somali ownership and leadership (ii) Convergence of action amongst stakeholders • Recognizes security as an enabler, but community recovery and good governance as critical to sustaining security gains • Stabilization promotes a ‘whole of government approach’ across a broad range of programmes spanning; community recovery, reconciliation, policing, governance and justice

11. Joint Stabilization and Security Planning Key stabilization phases linked to overall security / military planning are: • Phase 1: Pre-Recovery planning - AKA ‘Shape’ phase • Phase 2: Recovery / Limited Access – AKA ‘Clear’ phase • Phase 3: Recovered / Improved Access - AKA ‘Hold’ phase Overall Goal: Synchronize Stabilization Initiatives with Military efforts around Operational Timings and Locations Outcome: a comprehensive Government led phased and adaptive plan that identifies variables, priorities, challenges, opportunities and resources

12. 3-6 Months Post D-Day D-Day up to 2-3 Months 6-8 Weeks Prior D-Day Joint Stabilization and Military Planning Establish interim community forum and initiate community engagement to build confidence with Govt Consultation with ‘exiled’ community representatives In-depth community consultations and identification of priority projects Identification of roles / responsibilities and coord’ mechanisms Projects for community recovery, social cohesion / reconciliation and governance developed and approved and procurement process undertaken Initial identification of realistic activities based on resources available and access e.g. Food and NFI distribution Compile research on community dynamics and geographic area Civil – Military Joint Planning, Coordination, and Information Sharing inc’ Assessments Mobilization of resources and strategic communication

13. Government Controlled Area Al-Shabaab Controlled Area Presidents Office Phase 1: Pre-Recovery Planning Clan Elders Ministry of Defence Ministry of Interior SNA Clan Elders Stabilization Donors / Programmes Regional Forces Regional Governor Al-Shabaab Business Group Ministry of Justice SNP Local Population Women’s Groups NISA Ministry of Security AMISOM Youth Groups Ministry of Health Ministry of Youth Religious Leaders Ministry of Information Local Media

14. Government Controlled Area Contested Area Presidents Office Phase 2: Recovery of Area / Limited Access Clan Elders Ministry of Defence Ministry of Interior Clan Elders SNP Stabilization Donors / Programmes SNA Regional Governor Regional Forces Interim Administration Al-Shabaab Business Group Ministry of Justice NISA Local Population AMISOM Women’s Groups Ministry of Security Youth Groups Displaced Persons Ministry of Health Ministry of Youth Religious Leaders Ex-Fighters Ministry of Information Local Media

15. Government Controlled Area Clan Elders Presidents Office Clan Elders Phase 3: Recovered Area / Improved Access Ministry of Interior SNP Ministry of Defence District Peace Committee SNA Interim Administration Business Group Regional Forces Regional Governor Stabilization Donors / Programmes Local Population Women’s Groups AMISOM Ministry of Security Ministry of Youth NISA Ministry of Justice Displaced Persons Youth Groups Ministry of Health Local Media Ex-Fighters Ministry of Information Religious Leaders

16. Stabilization - Conditions Based Approach: • Military Approach based on: ‘SHAPE’, ‘CLEAR’, ‘HOLD’ and ‘BUILD’ phases. All four phases involve significant civilian engagement and/or activities. • Stabilization activities on civilian side can assist in planning the 'SHAPE' phase and support progression from 'CLEAR' to 'HOLD' phases to consolidate security gains. • ‘HOLD’ Phase stabilization activities cannot commence if conditions on security and access for civilian actors are not in place. • ‘BUILD’ Phase cannot commence if ‘HOLD’ Phase is not successful Protection of the population and local administration are key to achieving security and access conditions

17. Security Progress Goobweyn – Sungunni Corridor: October 2018 June 2018 Jamaame Koban Jana Cabdalle Sungunni Somali Security Forces Checkpoints Workoy Current forward line for Somali Security Forces, backed by bases in Sungunni and Bulaguduud Bulaguduud Yontooy Somali Security Forces Checkpoints River Juba Luglow Goobweyn Key: Old Airport Village / Town Road Bridge Forward Line FOB / COP KISMAYO Airport Check Point

18. Stabilization Progress Goobweyn – Sungunni Corridor: 2016 - 2018 Sungunni: stabilization projects inc’ solar lights and administrative office June 2018 Jamaame Koban Jana Cabdalle Sungunni Brush Clearance (due to start) Workoy Bulaguduud: stabilization projects inc’ support to local governance and NFI distribution Firgogo Bridge (repaired road bridge) Bulaguduud Brush Clearance (completed) Yontooy River Juba Luglow Goobweyn Key: Old Airport Village / Town Goobweyn: stabilization projects inc’ community centre, solar lights, road repairs, well and flood defences Road Bridge Forward Line FOB / COP KISMAYO Airport Check Point

19. Strategic Communication