The Art of Storytelling

1. The Art of Storytelling Connecting God’s Story to the context of your audience

2. The oral stories of our ancestors an family history Bedtime stories we loved our parents to tell us We learned our language thru’ story-telling The context of our culture was transmitted thru’ storytelling People of all cultures learn first thru’ story-telling!

3. Informal learning is primary to all cultures • You learned your language from your family in your home • You learned your culture from your family in your home • You listened to your ancestral stories in your home

4. Stories give meaning to our communication • The stories of our culture give meaning to metaphors, stereotypes, relationships, slang, assumptions, humour, prejudices, and our ideas of who God is. • Conclusion: Narrative theology is more significant in understanding God than propositional theology.

5. Ancient oral cultures have proven their ability to accurately pass their stories from generation to generation.

6. Is the concept of eternity in their hearts? • Missiologist Don Richardson thinks so. His book “Eternity in their hearts” based on Ecclesiastes 3 verses 11-14, gives us evidence of so many cultures having creation, sin and flood stories. • Scholars have puzzled over why stories in extremely diverse times and places on the earth are so alike

7. Our stories reveal our common humanity • The stories of our race show a common interest and inquisitiveness about; - creation - good and evil - the origin of mankind - eternity and our future destiny - God, gods, angels and demons

8. Stories activate our right brain imagination.. • They help us think with our hearts rather than our heads • They create a tenderness in our spirits • They lead us to view the world holistically and therefore to healing and wholeness • They help us remember what God has done • We would be an ungrateful, hard-hearted people without the stories of God’s provision for His people

9. Stories provide hope for humanity… • Every human faces death • This is a paradox – we are given life only to one day face death • The best stories help us understand the paradoxes of life • They can give hope and teach morality and social responsibility • They provide a basis for grace, compassion and Christian ministry

10. The paradoxes of life can be learned thru’ stories • Spirituality is rooted in our earthly experience • Suffering produces godly character • Freedom is discovered in obedience • The greatest leader is the servant of all

11. Anthropology – the cultural setting of our race or tribe Pedagogical – the context of the informal learning of the generations in the home and community Theological – Our stories develop our understanding of God, eg O.T. Communication – commonness creates mutual understanding and provides a basis for new understanding Factors in story telling;

12. Storytellers must create context-specific stories. • That appeal to the culture of the listeners • That are best delivered in an informal setting of the listeners • That shape the listeners understanding of God • That communicate with the listeners in a language and medium they understand

13. The contexts a storyteller must consider…… • The contexts of the Bible, Hebrew, Roman and Greek • The messengers context • The listeners context

14. The process of contextualization • Understand the contexts of Biblical stories and their meaning • Decode the filters created by the storytellers context. Try to eliminate cultural bias and prejudice. • Encode the story into the listeners context

15. Story telling as a means of conveying truth • Narrative theology enables truth to be presented in an informal way • An informal setting allows greater reflection on the truth • The setting should reflect the context of the listener • Subliminal (hidden) meaning is inoffensively communicated • Transformation of mind, heart, emotions, and action is the goal

16. A modern version of the Good Samaritan story…. • On Saturday the 6th of August, 2005 two liquor company employees named Avijit Mitra and Supriyo Maulik went out of their office in Kolkata for lunch. • On the way they saw a poor lady Sumitra Kumari dying on the street with her daughter Rajni. They tried the police and a taxi driver to help them. No one would help. In the end Avijit and Supriyo picked up the woman and her dying daughter and forced a taxi driver to take all of them to the hospital. At the hospital the staff tried to refuse admission to the dying woman and her daughter.

17. The continuing story of the young Samaritans…. • Avijit and Supriyo appealed to the Hospital Superintendent of the hospital and he was impressed by the compassion of the two young men and granted their request for admission. Since admission the two young men have been trying to find a house and a source of support for this poor mother. • Who were the neighbours of the poor dying woman and her child? Thanks to the “Times of India” for the story.

18. The storytellers kit bag • Collect the proverbs of the listeners. They reveal the values of the culture • Collect the life-stories of the listeners. • Observe the pastimes of the listeners. • Participate in their social gatherings.

19. Respond to the social environment • Decide which of the five “ways of life” are practiced by the listeners; - Individualistic, collectivist, corporate, bureaucratic, hermit • Determine the method of storytelling appropriate to the group or individual.

20. The Indonesian example • Storytelling has been practiced for generations in village groups of men, women and children together. • The Ramayana story has been told over and over again in a shadow puppet play for generations. A light behind a sheet with stick figures as puppets. • People say they love this story the most, even though they have heard it hundreds of times, and it conveys life as full of tragedy. • The story matches their fatalistic view of God. Allah wills. You cannot change things Allah doesn’t want changed.

21. Developing the storyline of truth….. • The storyteller will want to develop a curriculum of truth so the listeners will grow in their relationship with God • Jesus commanded us the make disciples. Storytellers take their listeners from enemies of God, to babes in the faith, to maturity.

22. Jesus developed his storyline in three years with his disciples • They changed their religious mindset • They came to know God in a new way • They experienced the presence and the power of God • They became strong in character and faith • They remembered his stories

23. Jesus revealed his storyline on the road to Emmaus • Read Luke 24 verses 25-32 • Jesus summarised the whole storyline in one meeting • They now understood the truth of the curriculum behind all the stories he had told them

24. Jesus used parables • Parables are stories with hidden meanings that make people want to come back for more • Parables are stories that make the listeners want to come back for more. • They created more questions than they answered.

25. Follow the pattern of story-telling Jesus used • Don’t expect to reveal the whole storyline in one story • Court the listener as in a love story • Create a paradox central to life’s experiences • Leave several questions unanswered so the listener or listeners will want to come back for more

26. How to help listeners respond… • Study how the listeners make decisions • Evaluate what the listener understands about the truths of the storyline thru’ questions • Help the listeners affirm the truths they understand by a response appropriate to their context

27. Make arrangements for ongoing storytelling…. • Assure the listeners that this is one of many stories you have that will interest them • Arrange a venue and time for another storytelling session • Ask them what stories they are interested in?

28. Deal with your own ethnocentrism…. • Don’t despise the way the listeners’ culture responds or makes decisions • Always take responsibility for the inadequate response as a result of your poor communication • Acts 10:34-35 reminds us that “God accepts people from every nation who fear Him and do what is right”.

29. Stories connect with our imagination Listeners enjoy having their imaginations activated The art of storytelling is the pictures that the mind invents while listening Imagination activates our emotions Listeners see themselves in the scenes with the characters and feel their life experiences The power of the Story

30. People appreciate stories because they; • Mirror their lives of fact and feeling • Interweave reason, mystery, and reactions • Cause listeners to reflect on deep issues in life • Make learning exciting and holistic

31. Every major religion uses stories; • To socialize its young • To convert potential followers • To indoctrinate followers • To develop values appropriate to the religions teachings • To differentiate true members from false • To formulate right behaviours

32. Select a story from your culture? • Tell the person sitting next to you the story? (Allow 3minutes maximum) • Take the sheet of paper provided for this workshop and write down an outline of the story • What is the goal of your story?

33. Evaluate your selected story from your culture? • Does it convey a truth? • What is the truth? • How can you make the story exciting for the listeners? • Will the listeners imagination and emotions be activated? • What values will be conveyed by this story? • Where does the story fit in the continuum of your storyline?

34. How do people in your culture make decisions? • What decision can your listeners make as a result of your story? • Is the decision making mechanism appropriate or foreign to your people? • Did you create one, two, or three unanswered questions in the minds of your audience?

35. What do you think? • Would your story help people in your culture know God? • Would people in your culture be interested in this story? • What else would they need to know about God to be able to pray to him in a personal way?

36. Do you know people of another culture? Yes! • Think of a story that you could tell them? • Tell the person sitting next to you the culture and the story (allow 10 minutes) • Take the piece of paper provided and summarise the story. Please write down the target culture as well! • What is the goal of your story?

37. Evaluate your story for another culture? • Does it convey a truth? • What is the truth? • How can you make the story exciting for the listeners? • Will the listeners imagination and emotions be activated? • What values will be conveyed by this story? • Where does the story fit in the continuum of your storyline?

38. How do people in this culture make decisions? • What decision can your listeners make as a result of your story? • Is the decision making mechanism appropriate or foreign to the people of this culture? • Did you create one, two, or three unanswered questions in the minds of your audience?

39. Acknowledgements • The producer of this presentation is indebted to the following authors and their publishers; • William J Bausch – 23rd Publications • Dr Paul Hiebert – Baker Books • Karen Lee-Thorp – Navpress • Dr Louis Luzebetak - • John Pilch and Bruce Malina – Hendrickson • Don Richardson – Regal Books • The Times of India - Newspaper • Tom A Steffen – Biola University • Walter Wink – Galilee Books