Monday 11/21/16

1. Monday 11/21/16 • AIM: How did scientists discover cells? • DO NOW: 1- Explain how the microscope helps in scientific discovery • 2-In your own words explain the function of a cell. • Homework: Review book read paGES 22-23 answer questions 1,2,5,7 on pg 28-29

2. DO NOW ANSWERS • The microscope has made it possible to investigate a world that we cannot see with our naked eye • The cell is the basic unit of life BUT WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? • It means that it builds ALL living things and it is capable of performing ALL life processes

3. Francisco Redi • Living things come from other living things • Maggots come from flies which lay eggs on decaying meat

4. How did we discover the cell? The microscope

5. Who discovered the first microscope 1590 Hans and Zacharias Janssen Ground up glass and used it to magnify

6. Robert Hooke discovered cell 1605-1703

7. Looked at cork plant Noticed it was separated into tiny compartments which resembled jail cell 1605 Robert Hooke

8. One of the first users discovered protozoa Anton von Leeuwenhoek Ground up glass

9. Discovered living things in pond water Small single celled organisms Ameba and paramecium 1676 Anton von Leewenhoek

10. Matheis Schleiden 1838 • ALL plants are made up of cells not just the cork plant

11. 1839 Theodor Schwann • Looked at animal tissue and saw that animals also were made up of cells

12. 1855 Rudolf virchow • Cells come from preexisting cells

13. Francisco Redi • Living things come from other living things • Maggots come from flies which lay eggs on decaying meat

14. The cell theory • An explanation or theory about living things • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells • The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms • Cells come from preexisting cells

15. The Cell

16. The cell: the basic unit of life Prokaryote Eukaryote

17. Prokaryotes: • Prokaryote (Greek - Before Nucleus) Prokaryotes were first group of organic organisms to evolve 3.8 BYA Prokaryote cells lack membrane bound nuclei, and organelles and reproduce asexually • ALL PROKARYOTES ARE SINGLE CELLED

20. Asexual reproduction of Prokaryotes Budding: small identical bud grows and pinches off Binary fission: cell splits in two Both produce genetically identical cells

21. Assessment • Explain how the microscope helped in the development of the cell theory

22. AIM: How can we determine the difference between organisms within different Kingdoms? • DO NOW:THE CELL 5. Read pages 77-80. AS YOU READ, UNDERLINE THE MAIN POINT OF EACH PARAGRAPH. Answer questions1-4 pg 80. • HOMEWORK: Textbook Read pages 156-157. What does the cytoskeleton do? How does DNA direct activity in the cytoplasm? What organelles participate in protein production?

23. Picture B Picture A

24. AIM: How are living things placed into Kingdoms? • DO NOW: Explain the difference in the genetic arrangement of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. • HOMEWORK:Textbook Read pages 156-157. Answer questions 1,3,4 on page 161

25. DO NOW: • Use your scantron to circle the correct answers on your exam sheet!!!

26. Tuesday 11/22/16 • AIM: how does the type of cell determine the classification of an organism? • DO NOW: observe the two cells below. List all of the similarities and differences of the cells.

27. How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different? Organization of the nucleus Cell size Membrane bound organelles

30. Cell types • Prokaryote • Kingdom EuBacteria • Kingdom Archaebacteria • Eukaryote • Kingdom Protista • Kingdom Fungi • Kingdom Plant • Kingdom Animal

31. Plasmid • Extra chromosomal piece in prokaryotes • Bacterial plasmids are used in genetic engineering • A human gene can be inserted into a bacterial plasmid in order to make the human protein • Ex: Insulin

32. Plasmid Isolation - Extraction of plasmid from a bacterial cell (Amrita University) - YouTube

33. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Prokaryotic bacteria that live in EXTREME environments • Halophiles • Thermophiles • Methanogens

34. KingdomEubacteria ALL single celled bacteria Heterotrophic: cannot make its own food Autotrophic: use sunlight to make their own food chemotrophic: make their own food from other organic compounds Prokaryote Normal every day bacteria

35. Example of Eubacteria: E.Coli

36. Streptococcus • Eubacteria that causes strept throat

37. Wednesday 11/23/16 • AIM: How do eukaryotic cells function in different kingdoms? • DO NOW: 1- Explain the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes • 2- Explain the difference between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria • 3- How do Eubacteria obtain food?

38. Feeding Behavior • Heterotrophs :other feeder • Cannot make their own food • absorb organic materials down in both living and dead organisms. • Autotrophs : self feeder • can make their own food by photosynthesis. • Chemotrophs get their food by breaking down inorganic matter.

39. Eukaryotic cells Means “True Nucleus” Plant, Animal, Protists, Fungi All contain membrane bound organelles Organelle: tiny organ Functioning parts of the cell All eukaryotic cells are surrounded by an extra cellular matrix There are 2 types we will discuss, plants and animal cells

40. Eukaryote • Multi or Single celled organisms • Protista • Parmecium • Ameba • Fungi • Yeast • Mushrooms • Animal • Plant

41. Kingdom Protista characteristics Eukaryotes Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Unicellular Mostly aquatic Mostly asexual Things like: slime molds and algae, paramecium, ameba, euglena

42. Characteristics of the Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryote • Heterotrophic • Saprobes or saprophytic • eat dead or decaying matter • Unicellular and Multicellular • Mostly terrestrial • Asexual and sexual • Mushrooms,molds, yeasts, puffballs

43. Kingdom Fungi Unicellular yeast Single celled Mostly asexual reproduction through budding Some by binary fission Used in baking and alcohol fermentation

44. Kingdom Fungi Multicellular Mushroom • Heterotrophic saprobes • Decomposer or recycler Breaks down dead and decaying matter to release back into the environment

45. Characteristics of Plantae Kingdom Eukaryote Multicellular Autotrophic Mostly Terrestrial Asexual and Sexual Nonmotile Things like: mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants

46. Autotrophic Photosynthetic Autotroph: self feeder Make their own food through Photosynthesis

47. Kingdom Animalia • Heterotrophic eukaryotes • largest of the kingdoms in terms of its species diversity. Eukaryote Multicellular • heterotrophs = other feeder • multicellular • In most animals, these cells are organized into tissues that make up different organs and organ systems.

48. What do prokaryotes and Protista have in common? What do humans and Protista have in common?

49. AIM: How can we determine the difference between organisms within different Kingdoms? • DO NOW:THE CELL 5. Read pages 77-80. AS YOU READ, UNDERLINE THE MAIN POINT OF EACH PARAGRAPH. Answer questions1-4 pg 80. • HOMEWORK: Textbook Read pages 156-157. What does the cytoskeleton do? How does DNA direct activity in the cytoplasm? What organelles participate in protein production?

50. How do Eubacteria obtain food?