A Strong Start for a Nation

1. A Strong Start for a Nation Chapter 6

2. George Washington April 6, 1789 Washington is unanimously elected president Washington was reluctant, he feared people would think he wanted to be king

3. The First Congress Needed to make decisions about policies and procedures 210 proposed amendments to the Constitution 10 were ratified and became The Bill of Rights

4. Judiciary Act of 1789 • Congress creates a federal court system • federal district court for each state • 5 justices of the supreme court • appointed by the president and approved by the senate • John Jay becomes the first Chief Justice

5. 1st Presidential Cabinet • Congress three departments to assist the president known as the presidential cabinet • State Department-Thomas Jefferson • War Department-Henry Knox • Treasury Department-Alexander Hamilton

6. Cabinet Members Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson Secretary of War Henry Knox Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton

7. Tax on Whiskey • Hamilton needed more money to pay the national debt and asked congress to tax domestic items • Most notably whiskey • Most farmers turned surplus grain into whiskey • They were not happy about the tax

8. The Whiskey Rebellion 75 men in PA were ordered to appear court for not paying the tax 500 men attacked federal officials tarring and feathering some These protesters organized 6,000 people to march on Philadelphia

10. The Whiskey Rebellion • Washington called on militias from Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia • Many men refused the call • Washington assembled 13,000 • The threat of force forced the rebels to quickly disappear • Only about 20 were captured

12. The Frontier US is still battling Native forces for land Fighting against a confederation of tribes led by “Little Turtle” Britain supplied natives

14. The Frontier Battle of Fallen Timbers Summer of 1794 the confederation is defeated by Anthony Wayne’s forces near Toledo, Ohio

16. The Frontier Treaty of Greenville 1795 over 1,000 tribal leaders enter negotiations with US US received the title to the present-day land of Ohio and part of Indiana Indians received $20,000 in goods and claim to the land they still held

18. Jay’s Treaty • Britain agreed to stop arming the Natives • U.S. agreed to pay debt owed to Britain • The British do not stop • Jay is accused of being a traitor • Mobs burn his effigy • The Senate ratified the treaty • Washington had prevented war and shipping trade increased

19. 1796 • Washington decided not to seek a third term • Washington also warned of the dangers of political parties • Sectionalism was strong in the US and two parties were formed • Federalists • Democratic-Republicans

20. Who led the Federalists? Where were the Federalists popular? Who supported the federalists? Who led the Democratic Republicans? Where were the Democratic Republicans popular? Who supported Democratic Republicans? Page 197

21. Election of 1796 Federalists John Adams and Charles Pinckney vs. Democratic Republicans Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr Republicans accused Adams of being “partially for a monarchy” Federalists accused Jefferson of plotting a “Reign of Terror”

22. Election of 1796 The constitution stated the winner becomes president and the runner-up is VP Hamilton plotted against Adams by persuading southern Federalists to vote for Pinckney Adams elected President Jefferson Elected Vice President

23. The Age of Jefferson Section 3

24. The Election of 1800 Republicans- Thomas Jefferson & Aaron Burr Federalist-John Adams & Charles Pinckney The Republicans won control of Congress

25. Election of 1800 Neither the Republicans or Federalists had a formal ticket that specified who was running for President and who was running for V.P. Jefferson and Burr both won the same amount of Electoral votes for President The House of Representatives had to break the tie

26. Election of 1800 35 votes fail to break the tie Hamilton preferred Jefferson over Burr Hamilton convinces some Federalists to vote for Jefferson Hamilton and Burr feud until 1804 when they decided to duel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLSsswr6z9Y

27. Ha You Missed

29. The Twelfth Amendment Ratified in 1804 It requires electors to vote for president and vice president on separate ballots Judicial Review Principal established by Chief Justice John Marshal The courts had the power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

30. Marbury v. Madison First time judicial review was used Jefferson and Sec. of State James Madison refused to allow William Marbury to take office A case cannot go directly to the Supreme Court

31. The Louisiana Purchase

32. The Louisiana Purchase • It belonged to Spain since 1762 • Napoleon gained the land from Spain • Jefferson sends James Monroe to Paris to buy New Orleans and Western Florida for $10 million • Napoleon agrees to sell the Louisiana Territory for $15 million • $.03 an acre $18.29 sq mile

33. Lewis and CLark

34. Lewis and Clark Meriwether Lewis and William Clark are sent to map the territory 45 others join them They leave from St. Louis in 1804 The Mandan and Shoshoni Indians aided the team

35. 55-foot (17-meter) Keelboat2 Pirogues (open boats)Square sail (also called a broad sail)35 Oars2 Horses 150 Yards (140 meters) of cloth to be oiled and sewn into tents and sheets 6 Large needlesPliers Chisels HandsawsOilskin bags 25 Hatchets Whetstones30 Steels for striking or making fire Iron corn mill 2 Dozen tablespoons Mosquito curtains 10.5 Pounds (5 kilograms) of fishing hooks and fishing lines 12 Pounds (5.4 kilograms) of soap 193 Pounds (87.5 kilograms) of "portable soup" (a thick paste concocted by boiling down beef, eggs, and vegetables, to be used if no other food was available on the trail) 3 Bushels (106 liters) of salt Writing paper, ink and crayons 45 Flannel shirts 20 Coats 15 Frocks Shoes Woolen pants 15 Blankets Knapsacks 30 Stockings 15 Pairs wool overalls50 Dozen Dr. Rush's patented "Rush's Thunderclapper" pills Lancets Forceps Syringes Tourniquets 3,500 Doses of diaphoretic (sweat inducer) Additional drugs 15 Prototype Model 1803 muzzle-loading .54-caliber rifles "Kentucky Rifles"15 Gun slings24 Large knivesPowder horns 500 Rifle flints420 Pounds (191 kilograms) of sheet lead for bullets 176 Pounds (80 kilograms) of gunpowder packed in 52 lead canisters 1 Long-barreled rifle that fired its bullet with compressed air, rather than by flint, spark, and powder Surveyor's compass Hand compass 1 Hadley's quadrant1 Telescope 3 Thermometers 1 Set of plotting instruments 1 Chronometer (needed to calculate longitude; at $250 it was the most expensive item) 1 Portable microscope1 Tape measure 12 Dozen pocket mirrors 4,600 Sewing needles 144 Small scissors 10 Pounds (4.5 kilograms) of sewing thread Silk ribbonsIvory combs Handkerchiefs Yards of bright-colored cloth 130 Rolls of tobacco Tomahawks that doubled as pipes 288 Knives 8 Brass kettles Vermilion face paint 20 Pounds (9 kilograms) of assorted beads, mostly blue5 Pounds (2 kilograms) of small, white, glass beads288 Brass thimblesArmbandsEar trinkets A Practical Introduction to Spherics and Nautical AstronomyAntoine Simon's Le Page du Pratz's History of LouisianaBarton's Elements of BotanyDictionary (4-volume)Linnaeus (2-volume edition), the Latin classification of plantsRichard Kirwan'sElements of MineralogyThe Nautical Almanac and Astronomical EphemerisTables for finding longitude and latitude Map of the Great Bend of the Missouri River

36. Guidance • A French Canadian and his Shoshoni wife Sacagawea helped as guides and interpreters • Sacagawea • Best places to fish • Where to hunt • Find wild vegetables

39. Lewis and Clark • They returned with • Plant and animal specimens • Animal bones • Animal pelts • Mineral samples

40. The Louisiana Purchase Added all or part of 13 future states Doubled the size of the US Removed France from North America Opened up new land for settlement

41. The War of 1812 Section 4

42. Barbary Pirates Pirates wanted tribute for passage through the Mediterranean Sea Jefferson sends warships to the Barbary Coast (Algiers, Morocco, Tunis, and Tripoli) The attacks were successful and future ships were granted fair passage

44. World Trade Problems • The British passed the Orders of Council which forbade any neutral vessels from trading with France • Napoleon threatened to seize any ships cooperating with the British • Summer 1807 Britain has a shortage of sailors in its navy • Britain steps up the practice of impressment • Forcing American sailors to serve in the British navy • 10,000 Americans would be impressed

45. USS Chesapeake June 22, 1807 HMS Leopard demands the right to board the USS Chesapeake The captain of the Chesapeake refuses and the British open fire 3 men are killed 18 wounded, the British seize 4 sailors as deserters (3 were American born)

46. American Reaction Jefferson was outraged, but wanted to remain neutral from affairs in Europe Congress passes the Embargo Act of 1807 which stopped shipments of food and other American goods to all foreign ports. Merchants opposed the act

47. Economic Results From 1807-1808 exports fall from $108 million to $22 million Congress repeals the Embargo Act on June 1809 and passes the Non-Intercourse Act which prohibited trade with Britain and France It did little to resolve conflicts

48. Which Native Americans wanted to stop American Expansion? Why were they angry? What happened at the Battle of Tippecanoe? Page 215