Fantabulous Friday, Aug. 28 th

1. Fantabulous Friday, Aug. 28th Warm-Up What does a healthy breakfast look like and why is it important that you eat one? 3-5 sentences Agenda: Warm-Up/Healthy Note The Declaration of Independence Wrap-up / collect warm-ups Home Fun: Finish copying FN: The American Constitution Title Page

2. Why Breakfast Matters

3. Mighty Mustang Monday, Aug. 31st Warm-Up Review the Grievance of the Declaration of Independence. Which of them do you think was the most important issue for the Colonists to fight for? Why? 3-5 sentences Agenda: Warm-Up FN: The American Constitution Constitution Chart Home Fun: Work on Title Page

4. Terrific Tuesday, Sept. 1st Warm-Up As you watch the video you will need to take down at least 4 points. • Agenda: • Warm-Up • FN: The American Constitution • Constitution Chart • Home Fun: • Work on notebook • Highlight information in your notes • Work on title page • Tape in documents • Finish vocab or any inc. assignments

5. The American Constitution Standard 11.1 – Analyze the sig. events that lead to the development of our nation and its attempts to realize its guiding philosophies. EQ - How did the Constitution change the power of the national government?

6. The Articles of Confederation, 1781-1788 • Our 1st government was created in a way that it couldn’t take people’s rights. • The Nation couldn’t raise taxes or an army. • The government only lasted a few years. • It was a really terrible government, but it was OUR terrible government.

7. The Articles of Confederation, 1781-1788 • States were like their own little countries • Sort of like the European Union • All 13 states got one vote. • Each state had its own unique money •  The expression "not worth a Continental" arose when the new, American, paper notes essentially became worthless due to severe inflation toward the end of the Rev. War

8. Shays’ Rebellion, 1786 • An armed uprising in Massachusetts (MA) makes many people realize that the government was too weak • Daniel Shays was a Revolutionary war veteran who lost his farm because he fell behind on his farm payments. • His excuse was that he wasn’t working his farm because he was fighting the British. • The bank said too bad…and uh thanks for the liberty. • After the uprising 12 states agreed to meet in Philadelphia, PA. • Rhode Island did not send a delegate

9. The Constitutional Convention, 1787 • The states’ delegates met in PA to fix the Articles of Confederation • They met from May to September and it was ridiculously hot and humid and the delegates all wore wool and wigs. It was supposedly super miserable (and smelly). • They realized they needed a stronger national government. • They immediately gave up on the Articles of Confederation and started over. • Two major plans were submitted.

10. Wonderful Wednesday, Sept. 2nd Warm-Up Take 4 notes from the video – We are going to watch it twice, you will take notes the second time. Agenda: Warm-Up FN: The American Constitution / Graphic org. Review Graphic Org Wrap-Up Home Fun: Finish Constitution graphic organizer Study guide questions 1-10

11. The Constitutional Convention, 1787 • Virginia Plan • James Madison suggested a two-house legislature with membership based on each state’s population. • The small states hated it. • Mostly this was based on British Parliament and Virginia’s state congress. • New Jersey Plan • This plan suggested a single-house congress in which each state had an equal vote. • The large states hated it. • Basically this was just the Articles of Confederation all over again. CSS11.1.2

12. Great Compromise Roger Sherman suggested a two-house legislature. The upper house would have equal votes (two) and the lower house would be based on population. Three-Fifths Compromise Southern states wanted to include slaves in their populations. In the end they could count them but only as three-fifths of a person. By the Civil War, 2/3 of the population of South Carolina were slaves. The Constitutional Convention, 1787 CSS11.1.2

13. What’s in the Constitution? • Federalism • Federalism divides power between the national (federal) government and the state governments. • Separation of Powers • They created three branches of government: legislative, judicial, and executive. • Separation of Church and State • The government can’t tax churches and churches can’t get involved in politics.

14. State Authority (reserved powers) Shared Authority (Concurrent Powers) National/Federal Authority (delegated powers) Federalism • Coin money • Regulate interstate trade • Declare war • Raise and maintain an Army/Navy • Develop/maintain state police • State welfare - pensions, food stamps • Develop and govern local governments • Collect taxes • Establish courts • Build roads • Make Banks

15. Ratification of the Constitution, 1789 • 9 of 13 states had to ratify (accept) the Constitution for it to be law. • Federalists wanted the states to vote for the Constitution. • They wrote essays called “the Federalist Papers” and held parades to drum up support for their side. They won. • They wanted a strong president and more national power than state power. • James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, Ben Franklin

16. Ratification of the Constitution, 1789 Anti-Federalists • Wanted the states to vote against Constitution • They demanded a guarantee of basic rights called the Bill of Rights. • Good Idea • They wanted a weak national government, basically they said the Articles of Confederation were awful but it could always be worse so what can you do? • John Hancock, Sam Adams, Patrick Henry

17. The New Nation • George Washington was elected the first President and John Adams was the first Vice President. • Washington had to “invent” how to be President • In 1789, only white, land owning men had the ability to vote in most states • Very few votes overall: • Delaware 3% of the population • Georgia 5% • New York 3% • Rhode Island 0.7%.

18. The New Nation • Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 • The government raised taxes on the production of whiskey which PA farmers refused to pay. • Whiskey- concentrated liquid corn • Easier to transport and store • Urban vs rural politics • Washington led 15,000 federal soldiers to make them pay and proved that the new government was strong. • This was the opposite of Shays Rebellion

19. The First Political Parties • Federalists • Alexander Hamilton supported federal authority. • national bank, a high tariff, industry • Democratic-Republicans • Thomas Jefferson supported the states’ having more authority. • state banks, a low tariff, farmers

20. Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 • John Adams, a Federalist, made it illegal to express opinions considered dangerous to the government (sedition). • The Act raised the residency requirements for citizenship (voting). • Most new immigrants were becoming Democratic-Republicans. • Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 1798 • Thomas Jefferson argued that the states should ignore any laws that violated the Constitution. • This argument, called nullification, led to the Civil War.

21. Marbury v. Madison, 1803 • Arguably, the MOST important Supreme Court cases in American history. • Marbury was appointed by John Adams at the end of his presidency but had to get his license to be a judge from the new president Thomas Jefferson. • James Madison refused to hand over the papers because he thought Marbury’s appointment was illegal. • Created - Judicial Review • The right of the Supreme Court to declare acts of the Congress and the president as unconstitutional.