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International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018

International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018. Current Status of Sugarcane Breeding under Sustainable Conditions in Argentina. Luis Erazzú INTA - National Programme of Industrial C rops.

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International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018

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  1. International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018 Current Status of Sugarcane Breeding under Sustainable Conditions in Argentina Luis Erazzú INTA - NationalProgramme of Industrial Crops

  2. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Complex hybrid: S.officinarum , S. sinense, S. robustum, S. spontaneumand S. BarberiCurrent commercial cultivars are highly polyploid* clonal reproduction* production: cane plant and 4 - 6 crop ratoon International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018 foto

  3. Sugarcane is planted in 376.000 has International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018 Enviroments Province Area (Ha) INTA 2018, Beneditti

  4. International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018 Sugarcane activities involve 6.300 growers and 50.000 people in a direct relationship

  5. International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018 Sugarcane Straw ~15% Sugarcane straw ~3.600.000 Tn: 50% could be used

  6. International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018 Sugarcane* Sugar ~ 2.105.000 tons, * 1st generationbioethanol 553.000 m3 (juicesormolasses)* Cogeneratedenergy(bagassesand straw)* Bagasse:paperfactory Sugarcane Straw and bagasse PromisingAlternative 2nd GenerationBioethanol

  7. Potentialexpansionof sugarcane Landaptitudetypeforsugarcane Carballo et al; Programa Nacional Bioenergía; Anschau et al, 2009 INTA 7,7 million hectares could be potentially cultivated with sugarcane

  8. Sustainability of sugar and ethanol production, the energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions’ balances

  9. Sustainability of sugar and ethanol production the ENERGY balances ENERGY BALANCE 3,4: 1 7,3: 1 ratio - Mills produce only bioethanol and 100% bagasse as energy source Acreche & Valeiro, 2011. INTA Ciencia y tecnología de los Cultivos Industriales 1:34-39. Acreche & Valeiro, 2013. Energy 54: 146-154.

  10. Sustainability of sugar and ethanol production the greenhouse gas (GHG) EMISSIONS balances GHG emissions agricultural Acreche & Valeiro, 2011. INTA Ciencia y tecnología de los Cultivos Industriales 1:34-39. Acreche & Valeiro, 2013. Energy 54: 146-154.

  11. Sugarcane breeding in Argentina • Breeding Centres • INTA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology. • Exp.Station of Famaillá (1) • Obispo Colombres Exp. Station (2) • “Chacra Exp.” of Colonia Santa Rosa (3) • The Objectives sugarcane breeding program at INTA • - Provide cultivars well adapted to different environments with high biomass. • - Improve the productivity in the area of the potential expansion. • - Resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. • - Industrial quality for different applications (on sugar yield and fiber content,…) (3) (2) (1)

  12. International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018 Breeding MethodsModern cultivars of sugarcaneare highly polyploidFoundingspeciesS. officinarum, S. barberi, S. edule, S. robustum, S. sinense and S. spontaneum.Polyploidwithlevelsrangingbetween5x and 16xDerivedfrom S. officinarum (2n = 8x = 80; x=10), S. spontaneum(2n = 5x = 40 to 16x = 128; x = 8).withaneuploid set of chromosomes(~ 120chr.)BreedingMethods: Plantswith asexual reproduction

  13. Sugarcane breeding in Argentina Breeding Scheme INTA´sNational GERMOPLASM BANK Parentsselection Flowering and crossing Clonalselection InternalEssays Regional Essays Net

  14. Sugarcane Breeding Scheme INTA´sSugarcane Net Sugarcane New Variety 12-15 years

  15. Percentage of distribution of the main sugarcane cultivars (2016/17) LCP 85-384 variety was introduced from USA (INTA and EEAOC)77% sugarcane area in Tucumán. This alarming scenario of genetic vulnerability replicates at the national level.

  16. Sugarcane breeding in Argentina Anschau et al, 2009. ReleasedVarieties INTA NA 89-686 INTA CP 98-828 INTA NA 91-209 L 91-281 Promisingvarieties INTA 01-1505 (Santa Fe y Corrientes) INTA 01-1355 INTA 03-617 INTA 03-663 INTA´sSugarcane Net Breeding: Total dry biomass and dry stem weight were increased (1940-2010) Sugar yield: Genetic gains 80 Kg ha-1 year-1 plant, 140 Kgha-1year-1 ratoon cane Acreche M. et al 2015 Field Crop.Res; Felipe A. 2018 pers.comm.

  17. The genealogies of 16 sugarcane cultivars have been reconstructed S. officinarum genetic background is present in greater proportion S. spontaneum (high fiber content) absent immediately prior to selection LCP 85-384 has genes from 3 cultivars of Sorghum bicolor The limited % of founding species reveal the narrow genetic base Acevedo et al, Euphytica. 2017

  18. Industrial parameters and agronomic yield of sixteen sugarcane cultivars. Industrial parameters indicated that cultivarswere selected high sucrose content and sugar yield, low fiber content Acevedo et al, Euphytica. 2017

  19. Breeding for higher fiber will require the exploitation of available high fiber clones and new sources of variability. Mutation-based breeding is being explored at Agricultural Experimental Station of Famaillá (INTA), and tissue culture Di Pauli V. et al., 2017

  20. Resistance to sugarcanephytopathogens Sugarcane Red Stripe Ratoon stunting desease Perez Gómez, 2018 Genome Sequence of Acidovoraxavenae Fontana P. et al. 2016 GenomeAnnouncements Leifsoniaxyli subsp. xyli Pérez Gómez, 2018

  21. Resistance to sugarcane phytopathogens P. kuenii Brown rust Orange rust Di Paili V. et al., 2015 P. melanocephala Pucciniamelanocephala Perez Gómez, 2017 First report P.kuenii in Argentina Funes et al. 2016 GenomeAnnouncements. Perez Gómez, 2017 DNA profiles Bru1 gene. P.melan. Di Pauli V. et al., 2016

  22. Sugarcane genome is estimated 10 GbWith hom(e)ologousgene families 8 to 12 members The complexity and redundancy hindered development molecular toolsFortunately, the genome of a close diploid species sorghum is relatively small (730Mb, 34,496 genes) International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018 CONICET-INTA Project Sugarcane (Sugar/Bioethanol): Use of comparative genomics with Sorghum and capture sequences for SNP discovery associated to characters of agronomic and industrial interest. Dra Federico M.L. 2018

  23. International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018 As mentioned, sugarcane have high sugar but low fiber (11-15%) Opportunity to convert bagasse into biofuel:To develop different sugarCANE types: HIGH FIBER EASY DEGRADABILITY ADAPTED to DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS HIGH BIOMASS INTA is developing resources in genotyping and phenotyping platforms, to support sugarcane/energy cane breeding programs Pheno-genotypic characterization of hybrid families of Saccharum spp. and clones derived from crosses with S. spontaneum to increase production of fiber, biomass and sugar. Doctoral Thesis García JM, 2017.

  24. International Workshop: Bioenergy and Industrial Biotechnology, 29-31 October 2018 Acreche, M.; Felipe, A.; Fontana, P.; Ullivarri, E.; Vallejo, J.; Di Pauli, V.; Garcia, J. M.; M.Calsina, L.; Perez Gómez, S.; Saez, J.; Chalco, J.; Sopena, R.; Rago, A.;Walberg, J.; Schifman, A.; Bertini, E.; Acevedo, A.; Federico, M.L.; Espindola, C.; Benedetti, P.; Anschau, A.; Valeiro, A. Thank you very much ! Luis Ernesto ERAZZÚ, INTA EEA Famaillá E-mail: erazzu.luis@inta.gob.ar INTA - NationalProgramme of Industrial Crops

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