Pre Colonial Philippines (600-1565) and the Spanish Colonial Period (1565-1898) September 29, 2016

1. Pre Colonial Philippines (600-1565) and theSpanish Colonial Period (1565-1898)September 29, 2016

2. Introduction Philippine Location in the World Map Geography Original People who inhabited the islands The socio, economic, political and cultural development of the People The Spanish Colonial Period: the socio, economic, political, cultural development and the genetic mixing of the People. 200 localized sporadic revolts, development of national consciousness,from reform to revolution Conclusion

3. Location in the World Map

4. Geography Mayon volcano

5. Geography Rice terraces

6. Geography Rice terraces 2

7. Geography Boat called Balangay which the term Barangay came from

8. Geography Philippine eagles

9. Geography Tamarao

10. Geography Carabao

11. Geography Water Falls

12. Geography Rivers

13. Original People who Inhabited the Islands **Pictures of Muslims, indigenous people like Igorot, Aetas or negritos. I will discuss the major waves of migration.

14. Social Structures of Three Different Societies in the Islands 1. Primitive communal society among the Aetas aboriginal people **Drawing of a circle with a dot in the middle.

15. Social Structures of Three Different Societies in the Islands 2. Semi slave, semi communal society **drawing of a triangle with three basic classes in the society: Datu, Maharlikas, Babaylan, Warriors mainly the upper class; timawas who were mainly the serfs but freeman; and the slaves who were divided into aliping saguiguilid (farm slaves) and aliping namamahay (house slaves).

16. Social Structures of Three Different Societies in the Islands 3. Semi feudal, semi-slave and semi communal society **drawing of a triangle with basically three classes but with a supreme ruler called Sultan together with confederation of Rajahs and Datus, their families called Maharlikas, Priest called Imam khatib, warriors. They are the ruling class. The next class are the timawas (serfs) or freemen, and slaves.

17. Economy of the Three Distinct People Hunting and gathering types. Farming, animal husbandry and domestication of animals, mining, fishing, metal work, lumber work. The rice terraces is an engineering genius done by the Igorot people. There were canons already in Muslim and even in Manila when the Spaniards came.

18. Culture Balagtasan* Muslim Law Alibata was the written alphabet of the native people

19. Culture – Alibata Alphabet Alibata was the written alphabet of the native people **Paste pictures of the three mentioned above

20. Culture - Balagtasan Balagtasan is a Filipino form of debate done in verse named after Francisco Balagtas.

21. Societal Class Structure Development During the Spanish Colonial Period Semi colonial and semi feudal societal development. **Draw triangle picture with the change of the class structure: Catholic hierarchy, Governor General, Encomenderos, Hacienderos (big landlords), and rich Spanish on top of the pyramid. Principalia, gobernadorcillo, Cabezas de Barangay, native, mestizos and Chinese merchants, teachers, government employees and soldiers in the middle of the class structure. Serfs and workers mainly from Indios (natives) who work in the fields, mines, boats and ships, house servants, small businesses etc.

22. Cultural Development During the Spanish Colonial Period The biggest radical change was transformation of the majority of the people in their conversion to Catholicism. *(put pictures of Spanish prayle, churches all over the Philippines, the cross and the sword picture of a conquistador and a priest).

23. Cultural Development During the Spanish Colonial Period Subservient to the colonial rule, to the white skinned invaders with the psychological effect of inferiority complex and a colonized mentality. **Picture here

24. Cultural Development During the Spanish Colonial Period Artifacts, cultural icons of the native people were destroyed and propagating that those artifacts that doesn’t conform to the belief system of the catholic church were judge as the work of the devil. **Picture here of Anito

25. Cultural Development During the Spanish Colonial Period There were also positive culture that was transmitted in the island. **Picture of University of Santo Thomas

26. Cultural Development During the Spanish Colonial Period Hybrid dances and songs proliferated. **Picture here

27. Causes for the Defeat of the Natives and the Triumph by the Spanish Colonizers People of Luzon, Visayas and parts of Mindanao were conquered because of the lack of unity among different tribes and nation states. The Philippine island was not a cohesive, united nation at that time. The use of the strategy and tactics of divide and rule and deception. The Europeans have a higher level of technological warfare. Most of the indigenous people in Luzon and Visayas use bow and arrow and some sword but in the main they don't have guns, cannons and horses that were used by the Spanish Conquistadores. A monotheistic religion with one God is more advance than a polytheistic religions with many different gods. Each native kingdom have different gods than others.

28. The Causes of the 200 Localized Rebellions by the Natives: The taking of the native’s land by the encomenderos, hacienderos and the the Catholic church who owned and were the biggest owner of the land. Corvee, forced or slave labor. Abuses by Spanish officials and Spanish priests of the natives. Conflict in the belief system such as religious differences. Over taxing the people. Commercial monopolies by the full blooded Spaniards.

29. Unity of Church and State The governor general was appointed by the Viceroy of New Spain (Mexico) from 1565–1761. The Governor General was appointed directly from Spain from 1821–1898. British Occupation of Manila (1761–1764).

30. Unity of Church and State 4. The Catholic Church handled most of the administrative functions of the Spanish colonial civil government such: Birth certificate Marriage certificate Death certificate Taxation Census Statistics Primary schools Health Public works Certified municipal budget

31. Conflict between Church and State There are times when there was conflict between church and state. Church was so powerful as to oust Governor-Generals, humiliate them and even killed them as an example for these the Spanish Governor Generals: The church influenced the ouster of Governor General Salcedo in 1668 which eventually led to his death while facing inquisition while being shipped to Mexico (New Spain).*add picture here

32. Conflict between Church and State There are times when there was conflict between church and state. Church was so powerful as to oust Governor-Generals, humiliate them and even killed them as an example for these the Spanish Governor Generals: The church instigate a mob attack of Governor General Bustamante in 1719 which led for the mob to murder him. **Assassination painting of Governor General Bustamante

33. 200 Localized Rebellions Against Spanish Colonial Rule There were at least 200 localized rebellion against Spanish colonial rule with uneven scope and duration as exemplified by: The Muslims of Mindanao was never conquered. ** Picture here

34. 200 Localized Rebellions Against Spanish Colonial Rule The Igorots of the Mountain Province maintained their independence throughout this period. **Picture here

35. 200 Localized Rebellions Against Spanish Colonial Rule One of the most successful rebellion was Dagohoy’s rebellion in the Bohol island. His forces took hold of the island for 85 years from 1774 to 1829. In the height of their resistance, they had 20,000 strong army. **Picture here

36. 200 Localized Rebellions Against Spanish Colonial Rule Diego and Gabriela Silang in the Ilocos region coinciding with the British occupation of Manila. Their rebellion was short-lived but significant from 1762 to 1763. There were rebellions in every province of the Philippines. **Picture here

37. Reason Why the Localized Rebellion Did Not Succeed The people did not see themselves as one homogenous people. They lacked national consciousness. The colonizer was able to use one region against another region. An example was the Spanish colonizer use the Visayan warriors to conquer Manila. They also used the people from Luzon to fight rebellion in the Visayan islands/regions. etc.

38. Questions Why were the native Muslims never conquered? Can the people in the archipelago develop into a cohesive nation with the Spanish colonization?

39. Conclusion