North American Steel Industry: Recent Market Developments and Key Challenges Going Forward

1. North American Steel Industry: Recent Market Developments and Key Challenges Going Forward OECD Steel Committee May 6-7, 2010 Paris, France * American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Steel Manufacturers Association (SMA) Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA) Canadian Steel Producers Association (CSPA) Mexican Steel Producers Association (CANACERO)

2. Presentation Summary I. NAFTA Economic Conditions and Outlook II. NAFTA Steel Market Conditions and Outlook III. Major NAFTA Industry Concerns Going Forward

3. I. NAFTA Economic Conditions and Outlook

4. The NAFTA Economies: A Hesitant Recovery • In 2008 and 2009, the NAFTA economies experienced the deepest recession since the Great Depression • It appears that the NAFTA economies are now beginning to grow, but at a modest rate • GDP and employment are still well below their pre-recession levels • A number of factors could slow or even reverse growth in all three countries

5. The NAFTA Region Is Starting to Recover from An Unusually Deep Recession Source: OECD

6. Economic Analysis & Trends • United States • GDP recovery has begun, but 4Q09 growth was inventory-driven, and 2010-11 will average 3% at best. • Slow, extended recovery is underway, but unemployment is at 26-year high and will be slow to decline. • Credit remains constrained. Capital construction continues to drag. Equipment and machinery positive. • Housing is improving from abysmal levels while automotive has shown some improvement. • Canada • Economic recovery has clearly begun, but pace is expected to slow down in 2H10. • Government and consumer spending will lead 2010, but unemployment remains a concern at 8%. • Non-res construction and machinery remain weak and will decline in 2H10 as stimulus effect slows. • Canadian dollar has strengthened significantly in past year, creating competitiveness challenges. • Mexico • Emerging recovery driven by manufacturing exports. • Outlook somewhat improved on gains in industrial production, exports, investment. • Recession-induced low trade gap in 2009 is rising again. • Uncertainties (including higher taxes, inflationary pressure, weak consumer credit) limit GDP recovery. 6 Sources: Bureau of Economic Analysis (US) ,CSSPA, Canacero

7. Canada: Economic Conditions Moderating Tighter Easier Canada: Manufacturing Inventories Through February 2010 Canada: Manufacturing Sales Through February 2010 Sources: Bank of Canada, Richard Ivey School of Business, Statistics Canada

8. Mexico: Recovery Driven by Industrial Production Mexico: Gross Domestic Product, 2005 - 2009 (Annual rate of growth - %) Mexico: Gross Domestic Product, Quarterly, 2008 - 2009 (Annual rate of growth - %) Mexico: Industrial Production, Monthly, 2009 - 2010 (Annual rate of growth - %) Mexico has started to emerge from an historical crisis. Industrial production (IP) has started to grow after 21 consecutive months of negative growth. IP has now seen positive growth rates for 3 straight months. Source: INEGI

9. Mexico: Manufactured Exports Key to Recovery Mexico: Exports, 2005 - 2009 (Annual rate of growth - %) For nearly a year, exports had negative growth rates. Now, they are growing at + 29 % Manufactured exports: + 25 % Non-automotive exports: + 12 % and represent 75 % of total Automotive exports: +84 % and represent 25 % of total Exports to the US account for 80% of total But exports to the US are still below 2008 peak levels. TOTAL OIL NON - OIL MANUFACTURED Source: INEGI

10. Mexico: Investment and Employment Still Lagging Behind Mexico: Investment, 2006 – 2010 (February) (Index: 2003 = 100) Machinery & Equipment Construction Employment in Manufacturing Sector, 2006 – 2010 (Ene) Index 2003 = 100 In annual real terms, investment in January was still registering negative growth: - 4.8 % Machinery and equipment: -9.4% Construction: ‑1.9 % Capital good imports: - 9.9 % Source: INEGI

11. II. NAFTA Steel Market Conditions and Outlook

12. The NAFTA Steel Industry: An Equally Hesitant Recovery • The NAFTA steel industry experienced a sharp drop in production in 2009 as a result of the “Great Recession” • Production has begun to grow again, but capacity utilization is still well below historic levels • Weakness in construction (especially non-residential) and other end-use sectors could limit the recovery • Import market share remains significant, in the context of substantial unused capacity in the NAFTA steel industry

13. Stock Prices for American Steel Producers Continue to Show the Effects of the Economic Crisis Closing Price of Dow Jones U.S. Iron and Steel Index, Jan. 2007-March 2010 Source: Google Finance.

14. North American Steel Production Remains Far Below Historic Norms Monthly Crude Steel Production After falling to below 50%,NAFTA capacity utilization has recovered to around 70%,but is still well below historic levels Source: Worldsteel

15. 2009 Was Only the Second Year Since 1963 in Which North America Produced Fewer than 9 Million Cars and Trucks North America Car & Truck Production, 1963-2009 Recent gains in North American car and truck production notwithstanding, it is projected that it will take up to five years to return to pre-crisis ”normal” levels. 9 million cars and trucks produced 1982 Source: Ward’s Automotive.

16. The U.S. Construction Market Remains Weak U.S. Single-Family Housing Starts, Q1 2004 through Q4 2009 • Foreclosures remain a problem for both residential and non-residential construction. • While residential construction is projected to increase, it is not expected to regain its 2008 level until 2013. • The value of non-residential construction put in place fell by 9% from 2008 to 2009, and is projected to continue falling through 2011. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

17. NAFTA Service Center Inventories Remain at Their Lowest Levels in Many Years, but Reduced Demand is Keeping Restocking from Taking Place • Service center demand has begun to rise, but is still well below previous levels. • Daily shipments have returned to the levels of late-2008, but remain far below peak 2008 levels. • Inventories are less than 65% of their historical averages. Source: Metals Service Center Institute

18. NAFTA Import Market Share Has Remained Significant Despite Substantial Available Capacity in North America • NAFTA steel demand and domestic shipments have fallen by 34% and 29%, respectively, since peak levels in mid-2008. • Non-NAFTA import market share actually increased in 4Q ‘09. • NAFTA steel producers have more than adequate netcapacity to meet home market demand in 2010. Source: AISI, World Steel Association

19. The Worldsteel Short Range Outlook Shows that, Despite an Improvement from 2009 to 2010, Market Conditions Remain Poor Survey of the Short Range Outlook Spring 2010 NAFTA Region From 2004 to 2007 (the last four full years before the economic crisis began), apparent steel use in the NAFTA region averaged 146 million MT/year. This year’s forecast of 100 million MT is 32 percent below that average. Apparent Steel Use (ASU) Source: Worldsteel Economic Studies Committee

20. In 2010, Apparent Steel Use in the NAFTA Region Will Remain More than 30 Percent Below Pre-Crisis Levels Apparent Steel Use in NAFTA Region (millions of MT) Even if apparent steel use in the NAFTA region recovers to 107 million MT by 2011, as currently projected by the World Steel Association, it would still only match the 1993 consumption level – and be only 76% of the level in 2007. Source: Worldsteel

21. III. Major NAFTA Industry Concerns Going Forward

22. Global Steel Consumption Has Only Begun to Recover Global Apparent Steel Consumption (Annualized) Source: World Steel Dynamics

23. World Steel Capacity Continues to Grow, Even Though the Economic Crisis Delayed Some Projects Scheduled for 2009-12 … While Global Steel Capacity Continues to Increase 2012(e) Source: Worldsteel

24. In Advanced Economies, Apparent Steel Consumption Is Not Forecast to Return to Q2 2008 Levels at Least Through 2012 Advanced Countries’ Apparent Steel Consumption on an Annualized Basis (in millions of MT) Q2 2008: 503 million MT/year Source: World Steel Dynamics, “Inside Track # 104” (March 29, 2010) at 12.

25. Meanwhile, Foreign Government Subsidies to Steel and Steel-Related Industries Remain a Particular Concern … • Foreign government subsidies are a major cause of overcapacity in the global steel industry and steel-related industries • Subsidies to steel and steel-related industries that (1) support inefficient and excess capacity and/or (2) distort trade are continuing, and remain a particular concern • Examples include: • Fundamental currency misalignment/undervalued currencies • Preferential financing to add new capacity • Loan forgiveness/equity infusions to prop up obsolete capacity

26. … And Raw Material Export Restrictions are Continuing to Disadvantage NAFTA Steel and Other Manufacturers • Many countries continue to impose a variety of restrictions on exports of vital raw materials • Export prohibitions • Export duties • Export quotas • Other measures • Trade-distorting restrictions on exports of raw materials • Give domestic producers in the exporting country an unfair advantage • Increase worldwide costs of production • Place a heavy burden on steel industries in developing countries that do not have substantial iron ore reserves or steel scrap supplies

27. U.S. Manufacturing Trade Balance with Non-NAFTA Countries • Manufacturing trade balance trends parallel indirect steel trade balance trends. • NAFTA steel strongly supports a rebalancing of global structural imbalances (with a significant increase in NAFTA exports of manufactured goods). • These huge, unsustainable trade imbalances have caused millions of manufacturing job losses in the North America, and contributed to the recent world economic crisis. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

28. The NAFTA Share of World Exports of Manufactured Goods Has Declined Sharply Data for 2009 and 2010 are not available yet, but preliminary indications are that the negative trend for NAFTA that we experienced in 2001-2008 is continuing.

29. Major NAFTA Industry Concerns Going Forward • Overall steel demand conditions have improved somewhat from 2009, but demand remains far below pre-crisis levels, and some experts believe it could remain poor for years to come • Global steel consumption is growing again, but so is world excess capacity • NAFTA producers are in no position to deal with significant volumes of dumped and subsidized imports • Trade-distorting government market interventions (to maintain undervalued currencies, subsidize steel and steel-related capacity and limit vital raw material exports) are continuing • Manufacturing is critical to the NAFTA steel industry and our economies – and manufacturing in North America requires urgent policy attention.

30. Key Policy Messages for Steel Committee • With the recovery still fragile throughout the developed world, the NAFTA steel industry has the following key policy messages for the proposed 2011-12 Steel Committee budget and work program: • We remain especially concerned about subsidies that contribute to excess and inefficient capacity and/or distort trade, and believe the issue of government supports for steel should stay a part of any future Steel Committee work program. • Two other trade-distorting practices that we would like to see remain on the Committee agenda are (1) enhanced work with the OECD Trade Committee on approaches to trade restrictions on raw materials and (2) differential or discriminatory fiscal policies. • We believe it could be useful for the Committee to continue to analyze steel and technology and the steel trade dimensions of steel and the environment. • Because of their importance to the global economy and the world steel industry, we would also support putting additional focus on analysis of developments in the “BRIC” countries.