California Resource Recovery Association

1. AN INTRODUCTION TO RECYCLING CRRA Certification Program California Resource Recovery Association

2. How & why resources are wasted Eliminating wastes Resources as Manufacturing Feedstocks Public Understanding of Goals & Programs Closing the Loop! Course Outline

3. Toward the end of the course you will be asked to work together in small groups to solve a recycling problem, and then each group will share your findings with the rest of the class. Group Project

4. For students completing the certification program, there will be a short, OPEN-BOOK TEST of the at the end of the day Answer 10 questions in 30 minutes Course Test

5. To gain a understanding of the basics of recycling To learn how we got here To review options for recycling in California Course Goals

6. Learning to think in terms of RESOURCE MANAGEMENT not waste management --- WASTES are LEFTOVERS that we have to dispose. Course Goals

7. How do products, packaging, food leftovers and landscape trimmings fit into an integrated waste management system ? How do they fit into a resource management system ? Re-Thinking Wastes

8. Paper Plastic Glass Metal Wood Compostable Organics Inerts Mixed Materials Special Wastes What is in our waste stream?

9. Waste Composition - All

10. Waste Composition - Residential

11. Waste Composition - Commercial

12. Waste Composition – Self Haul

13. Recycling in Nature Recycling in the US before 1950 Recycling in a Wasteful Society Recycling in California since 1972 Background …

14. The Geological Cycle The Biological Cycle The Water Cycle The Carbon Cycle Recycling as a Natural Process

15. Plants take up CO2, sequester the Carbon, and give off O2. Animals take in O2 and give off CO2. The Carbon Cycle

16. UCAR; Univ of Michigan The Carbon Cycle

17. Everything works in cycles! There is no ‘away’ It’s a closed loop system There is no waste in nature

18. Dumping in the Creeks Open Burning Dumps = Bad Air Unlined Landfills = Bad Water Lined Landfills = Better Water Methane Recovery = Better Air All = Wasted Resources Disposal Practices

19. Less packaging Fewer material types Trash was hand-sorted by collectors [paper, glass, metal, animal feed, & a small pile of trash] - - - - - Recycling pre-1950’s

20. New types of packaging More prepared foods – less fresh food More distant landfills Packer trucks Unsorted materials become garbage - - - - - Recycling post-1950’s

21. Major California Legislation [http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Statutes/Legislation/CalHist] SB 5 – “Solid Waste Management and Resource Recovery Act” SB2020 – “Bottle Bill” SB939 – “Integrated Waste Management Act” SB 20 – “Electronic Waste Recycling Act” SB32 – “Global Warming Solutions Act” Recycling in California

22. Established a comprehensive state solid waste management and resource recovery policy to protect the public health, safety, and well-being, to preserve the environment; and provide for the maximum reutilization and conversion to other uses of the resources contained therein. SB 5 - 1972

23. Lots of information on garbage, Little info on recycling Focus on upgrading landfills US EPA was promoting incineration as the alternative to landfilling County Solid Waste Mgmt Plans

24. Enacted the California Beverage Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act, to be implemented by the Department of Conservation. Established redemption values on beverage containers and required the establishment of at least one certified recycling center in a convenience zone to pay out the refunds. AB 2020 - 1986

25. Made numerous revisions to the California Beverage Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act. Expanded the definition of “beverage” to include carbonated and noncarbonated water, noncarbonated soft drinks and sport drinks, noncarbonated fruit drinks containing any percentage of fruit juice, coffee and tea drinks, and carbonated fruit drinks if those products are sold in plastic, glass, bi-metal, or aluminum containers in liquid, ready-to-drink form and intended for human consumption. SB 332 - 1999

26. Increased the amount of the redemption payment to 5-cents for every beverage container sold or transferred and would increase the redemption payment for beverage containers with 24 or more ounces to 10-cents. AB 23 - 2002

27. Required each city and county to plan and implement programs to divert 25 percent of all solid waste from landfill or transformation facilities by January 1, 1995; and, divert 50 percent by January 1, 2000 through source reduction, recycling, and composting activities. AB 939 - 1989

28. AB 2494 (Sher)--Regionalization of Integrated Waste Management Planning / Disposal-based Counting / Assistance to Local Governments — Required the CIWMB to use a disposal-based method of measuring compliance with the 25 percent and 50 percent waste diversion mandates. Allowed jurisdictions of up to 250,000 to meet the waste diversion mandates on a regional basis. Also required the CIWMB to provide increased assistance to local governments in preparing their integrated waste management plans. AB 939 Update - 1992

29. AB939 has been a success! Most Californians have access to convenient recycling services. Recycling after AB939

30. Requires manufacturers of electronic devices to establish an electronic device recovery system; includes fees on purchase of electronic devices, and authorized the IWMB to expend the funds on recycling incentive payments SB 20 - 2003

31. Requires the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to develop regulations and market mechanisms that will ultimately reduce California's greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent by 2020. Mandatory caps will begin in 2012 for significant sources and ratchet down to meet the 2020 goals.  AB 32 - 2006

32. We are starting to evaluate the role of recycling, composting, and landfill operations in reducing GHGs. Greenhouse Gases

33. Minimum Recycled Content for paper, glass and plastics Deposits & Advanced Recycling Fees or Advanced Disposal Fees = ARFs/ADFs like the bottle bill Extended Producer Responsibility = EPR for pharmaceuticals Other legislation …

34. Proposition 65 – Warning Notice Precautionary Principle If it could be bad, don’t do it. You don’t need proof to know that there is a problem here! Toxics

35. Cal-EPA CIWMB DOC DTSC ARB WRCB GSA Alphabet Soup

36. California Environmental Protection Agency CA Integrated Waste Management Board Department of Conservation Department of Toxic Substances Control Air Resources Board & Air Districts Water Resources Control Board & Districts Department of General Services Responsible State Agencies

37. Designing a fully integrated resource management system Preventing waste by better design and utilization of resources Integrating your resource management system Reduce the extraction of resources Closing the Loop

38. Prevent Reduce, Repair & Reuse Donate, Swap or Sell Re-cycle, Up-cycle & Down-cycle Compost Land Bank Convert to Energy Landfill PROCESSES

39. Berkeley / Modesto Davis Santa Rosa & El Cerrito Palo Alto & Santa Monica Arcata San Jose Early Recycling Programs

40. Collect Process Market Make New Products Promote Elements of Management

41. Step 1. Newspaper only Step 2. Add cans and bottles Step 3. Add mixed paper Step 4. Plant trimmings Step 5. Scrap metal, textiles Step 6. Food Scraps Step 7. Oil, Batteries & CFLs What to Collect

42. Small truck Bigger truck Multiple compartments Single compartment = single stream Automation Compaction Collection

43. Mixed Recyclables

44. Residential Single-Family Multi-Family Non-residential Commercial Institutional [schools & government] Industrial Program Elements

45. Drop-off Buy-Back Collection Multi-stream Dual-Stream Single-Stream Residential Program Options

46. Single Compartment Truck Split Body Truck Manual Semi-automated Fully-automated Collection systems

47. Monthly Every-other-week and alternate material types Weekly Collection Frequency

48. Totes (10-18 gallons) Carts (32-96 gallons) Bins (1-8 cubic yards) Boxes (10-50 cubic yards) Compactors (10-50 cubic yards) * There are 202 gallons in a cubic yard. Storage for Collection

49. Wheeled Carts

50. Split Cart