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The 1850s:. Road to Secession. Texas & Mexican Cession. Slavery Throughout US History. 1787 - Northwest Ordinance 1789 - U. S. Constitution 1820 – Missouri Compromise 1831-1844 – “Gag Rule” 1832 – Nullification Crisis 1836-1845 – Texas 1846-1848 - Mexican War
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The 1850s: Road to Secession
Slavery Throughout US History • 1787 - Northwest Ordinance • 1789 - U. S. Constitution • 1820 – Missouri Compromise • 1831-1844 – “Gag Rule” • 1832 – Nullification Crisis • 1836-1845 – Texas • 1846-1848 - Mexican War • 1850 – Compromise of 1850.
Compromise of 1850 • CA a Free State • UT & NM Popular Sovereignty • TX Border Settlement • Slave Trade Banned in DC • Strict Fugitive Slave Law
HarrietBeecherStowe 1811 - 1896 So this is the lady who started the Civil War.-- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. • 2 million in a decade!
Other Effects • Underground Railroad • Personal Liberty Laws • Riots & Fights • Anthony Burns • Slavery as a “positive good”
Expansionist Young America in the 1850s Filibustering Expeditions
Franklin Pierce • Expansion? • Filibustering Expeditions • Ostend Manifesto – Plans for Cuba • William Walker – Grey-Eyed Man of Destiny
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Stephen Douglas Popular Sovereignty
“Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians”(pro-slavery Missourians)
“The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)
Rise of the 3rd Party System • Whigs falling apart… • Why?
The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] • 1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC. • Nativists. • Anti-Catholics. • Anti-immigrants. • Why didn’t they last?
Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 • Northern Whigs. • Northern Democrats. • Free-Soilers. • Know-Nothings. • Opponents of the Kansas- Nebraska Act.
1856 Presidential Election James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Know Nothing
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 • Roger Taney • Decision • Effects • Reaction? • North? South? Others? • Douglas? Lincoln?
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine How to balance Dred Scott with PopularSovereignty?
Abraham LincolnRepublican 1860PresidentialElection John BellConstitutional Union John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
Republican Platform 1860 • No extension of slavery • Protective tariff. • Internal improvements at federal expense – Pacific RR central route. • Free homesteads
1860 Election Results
Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860
Crittenden Compromise:A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden(Know-Nothing-KY)