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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Problem Solving. Outline and Objective. Program Development Cycle Programming Tools. Programming Languages:. Machine Language Assembly Language High level Language . Machine Language. The fundamental language of the computer ’ s processor, also called Low Level Language .

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 Problem Solving Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  2. Outline and Objective Program Development Cycle Programming Tools Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  3. Programming Languages: • Machine Language • Assembly Language • High level Language Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  4. Machine Language • The fundamental language of the computer’s processor, also called Low Level Language. • All programs are converted into machine language before they can be executed. • Consists of combination of 0’s and 1’s that represent high and low electrical voltage. Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  5. Assembly Language • A low level language that is similar to machine language. • Uses symbolic operation code to represent the machine operation code. Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  6. High Level Language • Computer (programming) languages that are easier to learn. • Uses English like statements. • Examples are C ++, Visual Basic, Pascal, Fortran and ….... Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  7. Program Development Cycle: 1. Analyze: Define the problem 2. Design: Plan the solution to the problem 3. Choose the Interface: Select the objects Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  8. Program Development Cycle: 4. Code: Translate the algorithm into a programming language. 5. Debug and Test: Locate and remove any errors in the program. 6. Complete the Documentation: Organize all the materials that describe the program. Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  9. Programming Tools: • Flowchart • Pseudocode • Hierarchy Chart (Structure chart) Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  10. What is a flowchart? • Logic diagram to describe each step that the program must perform to arrive at the solution. • A popular logic tool used for showing an algorithm in graphics form. Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  11. Continue flowchart • Programmer prepares flowchart before coding. • Most common flowchart symbols are: Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  12. Purpose of Flowcharting: • An aid in developing the logic of a program. • Verification that all possible conditions have been considered in a program. • Provides means of communication with others about the program. • A guide in coding the program. • Documentation for the program. Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  13. Example of Flowchart: Start Initialize Counter =1 and sum to 0 Are there more data No Yes Get next grade Increment counter Add grade to sum Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  14. Desk Checking • The process of testing the flowchart with different data as input, and checking the output. • The test data should include nonstandard data as well as typical data. Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  15. What is a Pseudocode? • A program design technique that uses English words. • Has no formal syntactical rules. Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  16. Example of Pseudocode: • Determine the average grade of a class: Do while there are more data Get the next Grade Add the Grade to the Sum Increment the Counter Loop Compute average = Sum / Counter Display average Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  17. What is a Hierarchy Chart? • Shows the overall program’s structure. • Describes what each part, or module, of the program does. • Also how each module relates to other modules in the program. Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

  18. Example of Hierarchy Chart: Class average Program Get Grade Compute Sum Calculate Average Display Average Chapter 2- Visual Basic Schneider

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